地震安全性评价中地震动衰减关系的类型及其选取

通过阐述地震安全性评价工作中地震动衰减关系的演变介绍了衰减关系的三种类型,其差别在于是否含有高频地震动震级饱和因子C3M2项和加速度近场饱和因子C5eC6M项;分析了这两个因子的由来和作用,并举实例说明,当场地所处的地震环境受高频地震动影响较小时,可忽略C3M2项的影响;而加速度近场饱和因子因包含了震源体尺度的影响,并与实际观测记录相符,是衰减关系必须包含的内容。     

An alternative construction of normalized seismic design spectra for near-fault regions

This paper presents a methodology for constructing seismic design spectra in near-fault regions.By analyzing the characteristics of near-fault pulse-type ground motions,an equivalent pulse model is proposed,which can well represent the characteristics of the near-fault forward-directivity and fling-step pulse-type ground motions.The normalized horizontal seismic design spectra for near-fault regions are presented using recorded near-fault pulse-type ground motions and equivalent pulse-type ground motions,which are derived based on the equivalent pulse model coupled with ground motion parameter attenuation relations.The normalized vertical seismic design spectra for near-fault regions are obtained by scaling the corresponding horizontal spectra with the vertical-to-horizontal acceleration spectral ratios of near-fault pulse-type ground motions.The proposed seismic design spectra appear to have relatively small dispersion in a statistical sense.The seismic design spectra for both horizontal and vertical directions can provide alternative spectral shapes for seismic design codes.     

流动空间的形成机理、基本流态关系及网络属性

流动空间是网络社会占支配地位的空间形态,指通过流动而运作的共享时间之社会实践的物质组织.Castells的流动空间理论是社会学界最重要的空间理论之一,对很多学科的发展都产生了深刻影响.以笔者近年来信息与通信地理学研究成果和Castells的网络社会理论新进展为基础,深入探讨了流动空间的形成机理、基本流态与相互关系、网络属性.研究表明:在流动空间的形成过程中,新信息与通信技术的发展和变革是诱发因素,其直接推动了社会结构向网络社会的转型,进而带来了流动空间的出现;人流、物流、信息流、资金流和技术流是构成流动空间的5种基本流态,其地位和作用各不相同,其中信息流对其他流态具有组织作用;流动空间中的网络包括专业网络和综合网络两大类,其节点无论是人、企事业单位、城市或者区域,线路都是交通和/或通信线路.     

长周期变星的演化及振动

长周期变星的演化和振动一直是引人入胜的课题。这不仅仅是因为在它们的变化过程中有丰富的物理内容 ,更重要的是可以用它们来做河外星系距离的定标者。在本文中详细的计算了在z=0 .0 0 0 5,z=0 .0 0 1 ,z=0 .0 0 5,z =0 .0 1和z=0 .0 2这样一个大的金属丰度跨度下 ,质量为 1 5M⊙ ,2 0M⊙ 和 3 0M⊙ 恒星的演化和振动。在计算中采用了最新的不透明度 ,考虑了星风损失对大质量星的影响 ,对于每一个模型都从零年龄主序演化到了中心氦燃烧结束。在文中仔细研讨了混合长参数以及中心对流核的对流超射对演化模型的影响 ,同时在中心氦燃烧阶段蓝超巨星和红超巨星的比值被用来限定模型的参数 (尤其是混合长和对流超射 )。尽管在文中并没有得到和观测一致的结论 ,即随着金属丰度的增加B/R增加。但是 ,通过在低金属丰度区采用对流超射 ,而在高金属丰度区放弃对流超射这一方法得到了与观测更相符合的比值。在新的演化模型的基础上 ,对于大质量星的振动进行了详细的计算。各项振动的性质用来和LMC ,M3 3以及MW中的RSGs做比较。对于LMC和M3 3中长周期变星 ,理论的周光关系和观测在基频振动模式下很好的符合 ;而对于MW中长周期变星 ,它们更可能在一阶模式下振动。最终 ,得到了金属丰度和周光关系的之间的联系 ,即随     

土压力-位移关系的应力路径试验研究

提出了一种通过应力路径试验研究土压力一位移关系的方法.通过室内应力路径试验得到了土压力-应变关系,结合由理论分析得到的位移-应变关系,最终得到土压力-位移关系.与某实例的有限元模拟结果对比,证明该方法是有效的.     

Low-temperature heat capacities,entropies and high-pressure phase relations of MgSiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ilmenite and perovskite

Low-temperature isobaric heat capacities (C _p ) of MgSiO₃ ilmenite and perovskite were measured in the temperature range of 1.9–302.4 K with a thermal relaxation method using the Physical Properties Measurement System. The measured C _p of perovskite was higher than that of ilmenite in the whole temperature range studied. From the measured C _p , standard entropies at 298.15 K of MgSiO₃ ilmenite and perovskite were determined to be 53.7 ± 0.4 and 57.9 ± 0.3 J/mol K, respectively. The positive entropy change (4.2 ± 0.5 J/mol K) of the ilmenite–perovskite transition in MgSiO₃ is compatible with structural change across the transition in which coordination of Mg atoms is changed from sixfold to eightfold. Calculation of the ilmenite–perovskite transition boundary using the measured entropies and published enthalpy data gives an equilibrium transition boundary at about 20–23 GPa at 1,000–2,000 K with a Clapeyron slope of −2.4 ± 0.4 MPa/K at 1,600 K. The calculated boundary is almost consistent within the errors with those determined by high-pressure high-temperature in situ X-ray diffraction experiments.     

Magnitude–frequency relations in debris flow

Debris flow occurs frequently in mountainous regions in China. Because of the difficulties involved in predicting and catching live debris flows, an assessment of the potential for debris flow is crucial in hazard mitigation. Magnitude–frequency (MF) relations are of special significance in such assessments. In previous studies, MF relations have been inferred by analyzing environmental factors and historical records and using empirical relations. This paper is concerned with the derivation of MF relations at regional and valley scales, using a large database of statistics. At the regional scale, it is represented by the distribution of the valley area, because the area is often taken to indicate the potential magnitude of debris flow. Statistics from over 5,000 debris flow valleys in various provinces in China show that a power law holds for the distribution, i.e., p(A) ∼ A ⁻ⁿ , where p(A) is the percentage of valleys with area A and n varies with region and thus describes regional differences. At the valley scale, a case study focusing on Jiangjia Gully (JJG) was conducted, and the MF relations derived from it were expressed by the distributions of discharge and runoff (i.e., the total volume) of living debris flows observed over the last 40 years. The distributions can be expressed as exponential functions where the exponents vary with the events. These MF relations provide not only a potential quantitative reference for practical purposes but also hint at the intrinsic properties of the debris flow.     

简单面目标与带孔洞面目标间拓扑关系的层次表达方法

带孔洞的面目标是现实中较为常见的一类复杂目标,它们之间的拓扑关系要比简单面目标复杂得多.本文基于空间划分和目标分解的思想,利用点集(拓扑学)理论中的邻域概念详细分析和描述带孔洞面目标的点集拓扑分量,这种描述方法实质上是简单面目标点集拓扑分量描述的一种自然延展.进而,对简单面目标间拓扑关系的描述和区分方法进行了扩展,层次地分析和区分简单面目标与带孔洞面目标间的拓扑关系.相比于Egenhofer等人提出的代数描述和间接表达方法,本文提出的方法是一种直接描述和层次表达的方法,并且与简单面目标间拓扑关系的表达方法是相统一的.     

不确定方向关系的模糊描述模型

构建了参考目标、源目标和方向关系参考框架不确定性的不确定方向关系模糊描述模型,实例验证了该模型对空间方向关系的描述符合人类对不确定方向关系的表达习惯和认知逻辑.