Use of Lade's Single Surface Work-Hardening Model to Investigate Mechanical Behavior of Decomposed Soils

In this study, it was attempted to assess soil parameters necessary for Lade's single surface work-hardening model that reviewed the physical and mechanical properties of granite soil located in Korea based on the results of triaxial compression tests. In addition, finite element analyses coupled with the determined soil parameters as inputs were conducted based on Lade's single surface work-hardening model and the results were compared with element test results. It could be seen that, in predicting undrained mechanical behavior, the single surface model was reproducing the stress-strain relation obtained through element tests at high accuracy. It is worthwhile to inform that these differences in the initial loading stage and the impossibility to predict swelling behavior are caused by the fact that there is no prediction model for changes in shear properties, especially in dilatancy properties due to particle crushing occurring while element tests are conducted. Hence, it is concluded that, to expand the applicability of Lade's single surface work-hardening constitutive model to practical problems, the model should be modified in relation to the dilatancy of soils.     

泾河合水川流域近50年径流演变特征及影响因素分析

在泾河合水川流域1964~2011年的年降雨、径流变化特征分析基础上,利用Mann-Kendall法、双累计曲线法定量分析了其趋势及相互关系,并探讨了变化成因。结果表明,1964~2011年的年降雨量呈轻微下降趋势（P=0.52）,年变率-0.04 mm/a;径流深呈不显著下降趋势（P=0.97）,年变率-0.10 mm/a。变化趋势与泾河东北部、黄河河口-龙门区间西南部类似,与黄河中游其它子流域差异较大。二者突变年份分别为2000年和1978年。1964~1978年是该流域降雨-径流关系的天然时期,1979年后受水保工程修建、植被覆盖增加等人类活动影响,降雨-径流关系发生变化。     

地形改正与地形直接影响的转化关系

传统的第三边值问题的解算方法有Molodensky算法和Stokes-Helmert算法两种。在Molodensky算法中使用的地形改正和Stokes-Helmert算法中使用的直接影响均由大地水准面外地形产生,因而必然存在关系。本文通过推导给出了直接影响是地形改正、层间改正与压缩地形影响3项之和的结论。在此基础上,给出了直接影响的质量线平面积分算法、质量棱柱平面积分算法和地形改正的球面积分算法。此外本文还推导了布格球冠层间改正算法。通过实验得出,直接影响的质量线平面积分算法和质量棱柱平面积分算法与传统球面积分算法的差异分别为3.81和1.64 m Gal;地形改正球面积分算法与传统质量线、质量棱柱平面积分的差异分别为3.92和1.69 m Gal。该结果说明,本文推导的直接影响与地形改正的关系式是正确有效且实用的。     

面向带洞面状对象间的拓扑关系描述模型

为研究带洞面状对象间的拓扑关系,提出了一种25IM(25交集模型)。以点集拓扑理论为基础,对带洞面状区域的内部、边界和外部进行定义。分析了9IM(9交集模型)在表达带洞面状对象间拓扑关系方面存在的问题,将带洞面状对象分为内部、外边界、内边界、外边界外部、内边界外部共5部分,提出了一种5×5的矩阵模型,即25IM。基于点集拓扑理论,定义了8条规则来排除不符合逻辑的拓扑关系。基于25IM,对8种基本拓扑关系:相离、相接、重叠、覆盖、包含、相等、被覆盖和被包含,进行细分描述。结果表明,本文提出的25IM能够更为详细地表达带洞面状对象间的拓扑关系。     

Relation Matrix of Water Exchange for Sea Bays and Its Application

1 .IntroductionWater exchange of sea bays is a basic issue for marine environment study. Water exchange be-tween a coastal area andthe outside area dueto advection and diffusionis animportant waytoimprovethe water qualityinthe coastal area . Withthe rapid…     

Test and Numerical Analysis of the Constitutive Relation of a Diatomaceous Soft Rock

A kind of diatomaceous soft rock and its constitutive model are studied in this article. Based on Yin and Graham's (1999) 3-D elastic viscoplastic constitutive model, the formulation under a triaxial stress state is established, and it is used to simulate the time-dependent stress-strain behavior and effective stress path of consolidated undrained triaxial tests of both normally consolidated and overconsolidated soft rock. The comparison between the model predictions and measured results shows that their agreement is good. This demonstrates that the constitutive equation established here can be used to simulate the time-dependent stress-strain behavior of the soft rock under triaxial stress condition.     

内波频散关系的一种数值解法

基于Ｆｌｉｇｅｌ等（１９７５）采用的Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ－Ｈａｓｋｅｌｌ算法（Ｈａｓｋｅｌｌ，１９５１），在取消Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似的条件下求解线性内波方程，以研究内波的频散关系及其各种模态的垂直速度振幅随深度分布的特征。本文以南海（１３°３０′Ｎ，１１８°３０′Ｅ）、（９°３０′Ｎ，１１１°３０′Ｅ）两个测站夏季和冬季的内波特征的计算为例，分别用Ｆｌｉｇｅｌ等原先的方法（引入Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似）和本文改进的方法（取消Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似）进行了计算；结果表明：对于垂直波数较小的内波，在取消Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似情况下，其计算精度可获得明显的提高。     

波浪非线性弥散关系分析

Hedges及Kirby等的非线性弥散关系及其修正式在浅水区小波陡时存在较大误差 ,李瑞杰等针对这个问题给出了新的非线性弥散关系式。本文通过对各种非线性弥散关系计算分析可知 ,由李瑞杰等提出的非线性弥散关系除了具有Hedges ,Kirby和Dalrymple等人提出的非线性弥散关系及修正式的优点外 ,还能大大地减小在小波陡相对水深为 1相似文献   

DO、BOD与COD的监测方法与相互关系探讨及其在海洋监测中的应用

本文简要综述了DO，BOD和COD的监测方法，指出集三者功能于一体的光纤传感器方法作为其新的发展方向。着重论述了三者之间的相互关系，并以实例证明这种相互关系依然存在于复杂的海洋环境中，有望通过集三者功能于一体的现场监测仪器来研究所存在的相互关系，建立起有机污染预防机制。     

An improved method for mapping tidal waterways based on remotely sensed waterlines: A case study in the Yellow River Delta,China

Abstract

Tidal waterways perform as the paths through which seawater invades. Their spatial-temporal variation with the shift in Yellow River’s route requires the accurate measurement of their status. Visual interpretation for delineating tidal waterways is inefficient due to a substantial amount of work. Buffer analysis provides an alternative to visual interpretation. However, it is difficult to use the buffer distance threshold to identify tidal waterways from other freshwater bodies. In this study, we present a straightforward method for mapping tidal waterways. First, we adopted the normalized difference water body index (NDWI) to extract water bodies. Waterlines were subsequently delineated based on a morphological opening filter with a kernel of 9?×?9. Finally, tidal waterways were mapped based on the proposed topological relation in ArcGIS. We showed the utility of this approach by mapping tidal waterways in the Yellow River Delta, China. The proposed method enables tidal waterways be mapped precisely and was replicable and universal in other similar studies.