尺度效应的叶面积指数产品真实性检验方法

真实性检验是评价遥感反演产品质量和验证遥感应用产品是否准确、真实地反映实际情况的重要途径。叶面积指数(LAI)是表征陆地植被结构和长势的关键参数,全面准确评价和验证LAI产品是产品用于陆面过程模型的前提。本文以MODIS LAI与GLASS LAI产品为研究对象,在尺度效应和尺度转换的基础上,建立了针对非均匀像元的低分辨率LAI产品真实性检验方法。在考虑空间异质性和植被长势差异的情况下,借助中分辨率的遥感影像,分别利用1 km像元平均叶面积指数和反演表观叶面积指数实现了对LAI算法和产品的真实性检验。为了比较作物长势差异和地表非均匀度对产品的影响,本文选择有代表性的河南鹤壁和甘肃张掖两个地区进行两种LAI产品真实性检验研究。研究结果表明,GLASS LAI和MODIS LAI产品均存在明显的低估现象。这并不是产品算法的问题,而是由于地表异质性和非均匀度的影响。在异质性更显著的张掖盈科灌区,低估现象更明显。GLASS LAI产品是多种LAI产品的融合,它的平均LAI比MODIS更接近真实情况,但是LAI的动态范围比MODIS窄。     

基于主成分分析的植被指数与叶面积指数相关性研究

综合分析了玉米叶面积指数与几种常见光谱植被指数相关性,确定主成分分析方法在反演叶面积指数中的作用。首先,借助MATLAB编程软件,以植被指数与玉米叶面积指数相关性最高为原则,选出遥感影像上各种植被指数,其波段组合为NDVI(752.4/701.5),RVI(752.4/701.5),MSR(752.4/701.5),SAVI(823.7/701.5),MSAVI(823.7/701.5),然后,对这5种植被指数进行主成分分析,建立LAI-VI多元逐步回归模型,并对模型精度进行验证,总体估测精度为96.237%。经实验验证,利用主成分分析方法在反演植被叶面积指数时能够起到较好的效果,具有广泛的应用前景。     

利用IDL与VC++联合构建森林叶面积指数反演系统

以CHRIS多角度数据为数据源,采用IDL语言,运用控件和类技术实现系统框架,设计模型对象管理器组织模型对象,设计数据的各项处理技术,完成叶面积指数(LAI)物理模型的参数反演与经验模型反演技术,实现近真实森林三维场景的显示。结果表明,利用IDL处理多角度遥感数据是一种可行的技术方案,并实现森林叶面积指数信息自动化提取与浏览。     

基于MODIS资料的贵州植被叶面积指数的时空变化及其对气候的响应

利用2000～2006年MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)卫星遥感观测的植被叶面积指数月平均资料以及相应时段的月平均气温、降水的观测资料对贵州植被的时空变化进行了分析.结果表明贵州2000～2006年植被分布受水热条件控制表现出对气候因子不同的响应关系,其中对降水的响应关系比气温明显,特别是冬季和春季,而植被在夏季和秋季的分布主要受气温的制约,与降水的关系并不明显.从季节和年际尺度的时间变化角度而言,植被对气温的响应比对降水明显,季节变化和年际变化的相关系数分别为0.89和0.73(分别通过99.9%和95%信度检验).     

Vegetation图像植被指数与实测水稻叶面积指数的关系

水稻的叶面积指数 (LAI)是水稻生长的一项重要参数 ,与水稻的生物量与产量直接相关。利用 1999年在江苏省江宁县实测的水稻叶面积指数与同期Vegetation/SPOT的植被指数作了对比分析 ,结果发现同期的LAI与植被指数表现相近的变化特征 ,两者具有良好的相关关系。     

Monitoring litter interception of rainfall using leaf wetness sensor under controlled and field conditions

Leaf litter interception of water is an integral component of the water budget for some vegetated ecosystems. However, loss of rainfall to litter receives considerably less attention than canopy interception due to lack of suitable sensors to measure changes in litter water content. In this study, a commercially available leaf wetness sensor was calibrated to the gravimetric water content of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana ) litter and used to estimate litter interception in a subhumid eastern redcedar woodland in north‐central Oklahoma. Under controlled laboratory conditions, a strong positive correlation between the leaf wetness sensor output voltage (mV) and measured gravimetric litter water content (? _g) was determined: ? _g = (.0009 × mV²) ? (0.14 × mV) ? 11.41 (R ² = .94, p  < .0001). This relationship was validated with field sampling and the output voltage (mV) accounted for 48% of the observed variance in the measured water content. The maximum and minimum interception storage capacity ranged between 1.16 and 12.04 and 1.12 and 9.62 mm, respectively. The maximum and minimum amount of intercepted rain was positively correlated to rainfall amount and intensity. The continuous field measurements demonstrated that eastern redcedar litter intercepted approximately 8% of the gross rainfall that fell between December 16, 2014 and May 31, 2015. Therefore, rainfall loss to litter can constitute a substantial component of the annual water budget. Long‐term in situ measurement of litter interception loss is necessary to gain a better estimate of water availability for streamflow and recharge. This is critical to manage water resources in the south‐central Great Plains, USA where grasslands are rapidly being transformed to woodland or woody dominated savanna.     

红树叶片衰老过程中活性氧和保护酶活性的变化

测定了红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)和秋茄(Kandelia candel)幼叶、成熟叶和老叶间活性氧和三种细胞保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,在叶片衰老过程中,丙二醛和H2O2含量显著提高,超氧化物自由基产生速率加快,表明红树叶片衰老中膜脂过氧化作用增强,并且与H2O2和超氧化物自由基含量的上升相关。在3种细胞保护酶中,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在叶片成熟过程中增高,随着衰老而急剧降低,细胞保护酶酶活的变化直接影响了叶片衰老过程中活性氧代谢的平衡。     

运用动态谐波回归模型对MODIS叶面积指数时间序列产品的分析与预测

运用动态谐波回归模型(Dynamic Harmonic Regression,DHR)对MODIS的长时间序列的LAI产品进行分析,可以从中分离出LAI随时间变化的多年趋势、季节变化及残差等主要成分,通过建立的模型实现LAI年间变化的短时预测。本文将所述DHR模型分析方法试用于遥感数据产品随时间变化的信息提取,对LAI年间变化的预测结果证明该方法用于遥感像元尺度LAI产品的时间序列分析与预测的效果良好。     

苹果树叶片全氮含量高光谱估算模型研究

采用Field-Spec Pro便携式光谱仪,测定了不同苹果品种叶片的光谱反射率及对应的全氮含量,采用相关性及单变量线性与非线性拟合分析技术,对全氮含量与原始光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱、高光谱参数之间的关系进行了分析。研究确立叶片全氮含量的定量监测模型,以期为遥感技术在苹果氮素营养诊断中的实际应用提供理论依据。结果表明:全氮含量与原始光谱在715nm处具有最大负相关系数(r=?0.817),并且基于此波长所构建的对数关系估算模型明显优于线性模型;光谱反射率一阶微分值在723nm处具有最大正相关系数(r=0.87),并且基于此波长所构建的线性和非线性模型的拟合效果接近;对于所选取的3类高光谱特征变量,全氮含量除了与黄边位置及由红边位置和黄边面积所构建的比值植被指数和归一化植被指数的相关性较弱外,与其余变量均呈极显著相关,说明这些变量对苹果叶片全氮含量进行估算具有可行性。对所建立的各类方程进行检验,最终筛选确定在723nm处的光谱反射率一阶微分值所构建的指数模型作为苹果叶片全氮含量的预测模型最为理想。     

A first Holocene leaf wax isotope-based paleoclimate record from the semi-humid to semi-arid south-eastern Caucasian lowlands

The Holocene paleoclimate of the Caucasus region is rather complex and not yet well understood: while existing studies are mainly based on pollen records from high-altitude and humid lowland regions, no records are available from the semi-humid to semi-arid south-eastern Caucasian lowlands. Therefore, this study investigated compound-specific δ²H and δ¹³C isotopes of leaf wax biomarkers from Holocene floodplain soils in eastern Georgia. Our results show that the leaf wax δ²H signal from the paleosols mostly reflects changes in the moisture source and its isotopic composition. Depleted δ²H values before ~8 cal ka bp change towards enriched values after ~5 cal ka bp and become again depleted after ~1.6 cal ka bp. This trend could be caused by Holocene changes of the isotopic compositions of the Black and eastern Mediterranean Sea, and/or by varying contribution of both moisture sources linked with the North Atlantic Oscillation. The leaf wax δ¹³C signal from the paleosols directly indicates varying local water availability and drought stress. Depleted δ¹³C values before ~8 and after ~5 cal ka bp indicate wetter local conditions with higher water availability, whereas more enriched values during the middle Holocene (~8 until at least 5 cal ka bp ) indicate drier conditions with increased drought stress.