共反射面叠加在实际地震资料处理中的应用

共反射面叠加方法运用3个地震波场参数来描述地下反射面元时距关系,不对地下反射界面形状做任何假设,并且是一种不依赖于宏观速度模型的反射波成像方法。共反射面叠加利用了邻近多个共反射点道集的相似性,提高了资料的覆盖次数,从而压制了随机噪声,增强反射波同相轴的连续性,大幅提高了地震资料的信噪比。通过在实际地震资料处理中的应用,证明了该方法的这些特性。     

青岛市崂山区地质灾害气象预报预警

本文基于地质灾害递进分析理论与方法，进行了崂山区地质灾害气象预报预警探讨。崂山区地质灾害及隐患点发育的类型主要是滑坡、崩塌和泥石流。据调查，区内地质灾害及隐患点83处，其中已发生灾害17处，新的灾害隐患66处。崂山区地质灾害基础因子主要是地形坡度、地质构造、地面高程、岩体、植被、水系和坡形，诱发因：于主要是大气降水、人类工程活动和地震。大气降水是变化频繁的敏感因子。通过分析崂山区日降水量、持续累计降水量与地质环境条件、地质灾害发生频率、发生时间的关系，结合国内其他地区的分析结论，初步选定崂山区地质灾害预报预警降水量临界值，在此基础上建立了崂山区地质灾害预报预警信息系统，并以图形和表格两种形式在网上对外发布成功。通过回访调查，预报基本准确，服务效果明显，在很大程度上减轻和避免了灾害损失，有效地保护了人民生命财产的安全，促进了经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展。     

实验室测绘教学仪器的管理

在分析了当前测绘仪器管理存在问题的基础上，从仪器在实验室的管理体制、模式方面做了有益探讨和分析，提出了测绘仪器实行动态管理和开放使用的模式。     

大欧拉角的空间直角坐标转换方法探讨

首先指出建立使用大旋转角的空间直角坐标转换模型的必要性，接着推导出以罗德里格矩阵为旋转矩阵的大欧拉角空间直角坐标转换的数学模型，然后以布尔沙模型为例、以Visual C#．NET2003编制了计算软件。该算法具有性能稳定、计算收敛速度快、精确度高、转换参数初始值可以为任意值的优点。     

Efficient satellite orbit modelling using pseudo-stochastic parameters

If the force field acting on an artificial Earth satellite is not known a priori with sufficient accuracy to represent its observations on their accuracy level, one may introduce so-called pseudo-stochastic parameters into an orbit determination process, e.g. instantaneous velocity changes at user-defined epochs or piecewise constant accelerations in user-defined adjacent time subintervals or piecewise linear and continuous accelerations in adjacent time subintervals. The procedures, based on standard least-squares, associated with such parameterizations are well established, but they become inefficient (slow) if the number of pseudo-stochastic parameters becomes large. We develop two efficient methods to solve the orbit determination problem in the presence of pseudo-stochastic parameters. The results of the methods are identical to those obtained with conventional least-squares algorithms. The first efficient algorithm also provides the full variance–covariance matrix; the second, even more efficient algorithm, only parts of it.     

PM10 and heavy metal measurements in an industrial area of southern Italy

Atmospheric particulate concentrations and heavy metal content are measured from March to July 2001 at an industrial site located in a rural zone of the southern Italy. PM₁₀ samples are collected by a low-volume sampler and each sample is analysed by AAS techniques for its content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. We measure also temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity, and we collect anemometric data. The study purpose is the investigation of pollutant levels in an industrial area located in a rather unpolluted region and the characterization of the correlation structure among particulate concentrations, heavy metal content and local meteorological parameters. Data analysis is carried out by means of univariate and multivariate statistical methods. In the investigated period, the average value of PM₁₀ daily concentrations (24 μg Nm^− 3) does not exceed the national standard of 40 μg Nm^− 3 and only nine values are higher than the European daily limit value of 50 μg Nm^− 3. Particularly, the occurrence of two anomalous values (183 μg Nm^− 3 in 3 March and 94 μg Nm^− 3 in 22 June) seems to be related to no-local events as confirmed both by in situ data measured in the AQM network of Potenza city (about 10 km far from the study area) and by remote measurements performed in the same days. Regarding the heavy metal levels, we observe high levels of Cr (34 ng Nm^− 3), Ni (85 ng Nm^− 3) and Zn (214 ng Nm^− 3) in agreement with the local industrial source pattern. The multivariate analysis, carried out using meteorological parameters as exogenous variables, allow to evaluate the role of the different variables as driving factors of the correlation structure among the metals.     

Genetic Programming Approach for Predicting Surface Subsidence Induced by Mining

INTRODUCTIONThe study of surface subsidence resulting fromunderground mining holds significance in view ofbeneficial effects on national economy and people’sliving conditions.As is known,a large quantity ofminerals need to be exploited for modernization con-struction.Mining leads to surface subsidence,someunderground engineering and production facilities aredestroyed accordingly,which blocks the developmentof production and retards people’s living standard.To solve this contradiction,su…     

Towards urbanisation of the non-hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model Lokalmodell (LM)

Numerical weather prediction models are increasingly employed for providing meteorological data for urban air quality applications. Model resolution, physiographic parameters and surface-layer parameterisations need to be adapted to the requirements of the urban boundary layer. The Lokalmodell of the German Weather Service was triple-nested down to a horizontal grid resolution of 1.1 km, urbanised physiographic parameters were implemented, and an additional anthropogenic heat source was introduced. Results of a sensitivity study for a spring dust episode in Helsinki show a clear urbanisation effect of these measures on temperature, humidity and the partitioning of surface fluxes, leading to an increased Bowen ratio and heat storage and an urban heat island effect.     

单纯形—模拟退火混合算法反求水文地质参数及其并行求解

本文利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和模拟退火算法全局寻优的特点,同时为了克服各自算法的弊病,提出采用单纯形—模拟退火混合算法(SMSA)进行水文地质逆问题的求解。论文详细描述了SMSA算法的具体操作算子的实现,并将该算法应用于一个大型水源地的地下水模拟反演。计算结果表明,SMSA算法在水文地质参数反演计算具有求解速度快,精度高的特点,而且易于实现并行运算。     

单纯形一模拟退火混合算法反求水文地质参数及其并行求解

本文利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和模拟退火算法全局寻优的特点，同时为了克服各自算法的弊病，提出采用单纯形一模拟退火混合算法（SMSA）进行水文地质逆问题的求解。论文详细描述了SMSA算法的具体操作算子的实现，并将该算法应用于一个大型水源地的地下水模拟反演。计算结果表明，SMSA算法在水文地质参数反演计算具有求解速度快，精度高的特点，而且易于实现并行运算。