全风化花岗岩地层中高固相离析浆液灌浆机理研究

全风化花岗岩地层稳定性差、遇水易发生崩解,工程上使用常规材料防渗加固注浆时效果较差。针对这一情况,依托湖南省郴州市莽山水库防渗加固灌浆项目,通过自主设计的全风化花岗岩地层注浆室内模拟试验装置,进行模拟注浆试验,实现了浆液在整个注浆过程中的扩散情况模拟,对不同注浆压力、不同位置点所取试样开展单轴抗压、抗剪强度及渗透率测试试验,对不同注浆压力下完整结石体取样观察,研究以全风化花岗岩颗粒为配方主体材料的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层的防渗加固效果及浆液扩散模式。结果表明:该浆液在全风化花岗岩地层扩散过程中经历了渗透扩散、挤密压缩、劈裂扩展三个阶段,是一种复合注浆形式;以全风化花岗岩颗粒为主体的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层注浆中效果显著,随着注浆压力提升,单轴抗压强度显著提升为原土体的3.25～13.67倍,抗剪强度在不同法向压力情况下提升为原土体的1.63～2.69倍,渗透系数从10?4 cm/s下降至10?5 cm/s甚至10?6 cm/s。     

CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探

对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TORSIONAL GROUND MOTIONS

Due to the inherent difficulty in directly recording the rotational ground motions, torsional ground motions have to be estimated from the recorded spatially varying translational motions. In this paper, an empirical coherency function, which is based on the recorded motions at the SMART-1 array, is suggested to model the spatial variation of translational motions. Then, the torsional ground motion power spectral density function is derived. It depends on the translational motion power spectral density function and the coherency function. Both the empirical coherency function and the torsional motion power spectral density function are verified by the recorded motions at the SMART-1 array. The response spectra of the torsional motions are also estimated. Discussion on the relations between the torsional motion response spectrum and the corresponding translational motion response spectrum is made. Numerical results presented can be used to estimate the torsional ground motion power spectral density function and response spectrum.     

APPLICATION OF UNIT HYDROGRAPH TECHNIQUES TO SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN CATCHMENTS

Current models of solute movement in catchments are based on rainfall–runoff models and are consequently biased towards processes which determine the magnitude and timing of water flux. It is shown here that the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH), or runoff response function, obtained from a hydrograph is fundamentally different from the residence time distribution which governs the response to solutes/tracers. Using hydrometric and tracer data obtained from a small (25 ha) catchment in the humid tropics a modification of the IUH technique is demonstrated which also allows approximate modelling of the tracer data. New features of the modified conceptual model are identified with known hillslope processes.     

卡尔曼滤波在InSAR噪声消除与相位解缠中的应用

相位解缠作为InSAR技术中的关键步骤,一直是研究的难点和热点。通常的相位解缠方法在相位解缠前首先必须进行噪声消除,而卡尔曼滤波将相位解缠问题转化为状态估计问题,实现了相位解缠与噪声消除一并处理,成为一种相位解缠新途径。并提出了卡尔曼滤波在相位解缠与噪声抑制中的一种新算法。     

叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用

地震属性分析技术一直是地震特殊处理和解释的主要研究内容.随着油气勘探开发的发展,地震属性分析技术已经成为油藏地球物理研究的核心内容,是勘探地震与开发地震之间纽带.本文针对鄂尔多斯盆地的低幅度构造、低孔隙、低渗透率、致密性隐蔽油气藏的特点,综合应用相干数据体分析、地震相自动分类定性识别砂体厚度、地震振幅属性分析、频谱分解、多井约束的储层叠后反演等叠后属性分析技术,探索了一套适合该区油气特征的储层横向预测及油气识别模式.为该区油气勘探开发,储量计算提供可靠依据.同时也为隐蔽性油气藏的勘探开发积累了经验.     

第二影区地震震相到时特征变化浅析

运用国家台甚宽和超宽频带地震计记录的波形数据,对震中距介于105°～128°(即第二影区)的地震波形进行仿真处理,分析各台站地震波由地幔传播到核幔交界面时,各震相记录特征发生的变化.结果表明,当震中距增大到105°左右时,地震波进入到核幔过渡带这一复杂的低速层中,地震波能量衰减加快;P波与Pdif波震相未表现出明显的分...     

邢台7.2级地震的发震背景特征

主要从太阳黑子活动、地震迁移、地震韵律和月相等各方面,对邢台地震的发震背景进行了分析。结果显示,这些背景特征是很突出的。认为地震的发生,可能受到多种因素的影响和制约,研究发震背景特征对于我们认识地震和预测未来地震都是有一定意义的。     

Dynamic characteristics of marine soft clay under variable phase difference and initial static shear stress

Abstract

Under seismic loading, the soil layer is subjected to multidirectional cyclic shear stress with different amplitudes and frequencies because of the coupling of multiple shear waves and the soil element within a slope or behind a retaining wall is subjected to initial static shear stress before subjected to cyclic loading. Due to the complexity of seismic loading propagation, a phase difference exists between the initial static shear stress and cyclic shear stress. To investigate the influence of the phase difference and initial static shear stress on cyclic shear strain, cyclic modulus, and cyclic strength, a series of laboratory tests are performed on Wenzhou marine soft clay by multi-directional simple shear system, which can simulate the actual state better by controlling the horizontal cyclic stress in the x and y directions simultaneously. As the phase difference varies from 0° to 90°, the dynamic shear modulus increases and cyclic strain accumulation decreases with an increasing number of cycles. The shear strain increases with the initial shear stress.     

基于分段副产物瞬时选择性的反应器网络综合

针对第三类反应体系的反应器网络综合问题,提出将串联反应以反应物到目的产物的反应步数为依据的新分段策略。通过比较不分段目的产物、不分段目的产物和中间产品、分段副产物和分段目的产物这四种不同的瞬时选择性,提出以分段副产物瞬时选择性为参数,以其对关键组分浓度或转化率的导数为依据选择各阶段最合适的反应器,以目的产物总选择性最大为目标采用遗传算法优化反应器网络。通过三个实例验证了本文所建立方法在解决复杂反应反应器网络综合问题的有效性,且本方法同样适用于简单反应体系。