东濮凹陷沙一段源岩的成烃动力学参数特征

运用成烃动力学原理对东濮凹陷沙一段源岩进行研究表明,沙一段源岩中的成烃有机质具有非均质性．沙一段目前正在生烃的活化能范围为90kJ／mol～110kJ／mol之间．对应的成熟生烃门限埋深约在2200m左右。该结果为评价沙一段源岩提供了基于动力学上的证据．同时对推进沙一段的油气勘探具有积极意义。     

Progress in the Research on the Impact of Wind Farms on Climate and Environment

Wind power has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy. With the large-scale deployment of wind farms in the world, people have started to pay attention to the impact of wind farms on the ecological environment and climate. This paper summarized the impact of wind farms on climate and ecological environment by investigating relevant literature: In the areas of wind farms, on the one hand, the set-up of wind turbines changes original aerodynamic roughness height and strengthens the dragging of the land surface against turbulence, directly affecting the turbulent motion of the boundary layer, resulting in the changes of intensity and pattern of material energy and water vapor exchange between land surface and near-surface atmosphere, further affecting the atmospheric circulation and climate. On the other hand, wind turbines convert the majority of the wind kinetic energy into electric energy, which produces the wake effect of the wind turbine. The budget patterns and spatial and temporal distribution of large-scale kinetic energy in the boundary layer are changed correspondingly, generating changes in various fluxes (heat flux, water vapor flux, etc.) in the atmosphere, which affect temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. Generally, the warming or cooling effect of wind farms on the near-surface is related to the stability of atmosphere. However, simulations in the global climate model showed that the average impact of wind farms on global climate is small, much smaller than the expected changes in greenhouse gas emissions and the interannual changes in natural climate.Wind power emits almost no carbon dioxide and pollutants. Compared with other traditional energy sources, it reduces water consumption but may generate some negative ecological impacts such as animal habitats, bird collisions, and noise, vision impact. However, some measures can be taken to mitigate these adverse effects.     

显微荧光光谱技术在油气成藏研究中的应用——以塔里木盆地巴什托上古生界油气藏为例

根据原油在紫外光的激发下产生荧光的特点,通过显微荧光光谱方法,对有机包裹体的荧光光谱进行定量化分析,利用其主峰波长与荧光强度、主峰波长与红/绿商的相关性,对塔里木盆地巴什托上古生界油气藏的成藏特征进行了初步研究。在研究区所采集的32块岩石样品中共获得64个荧光光谱数据。分析结果表明,巴什托上古生界油气藏存在3个油源,其主峰波长主要集中在439~443nm、469~472 nm和498~503 nm三个值段上,且为不同演化阶段的混源充注。前两者来自于寒武—奥陶系烃源岩,由下至上充注成藏;后一油源来自于石炭系巴楚组,随演化程度的变化同时向上、下两个方向充注。综合同期捕获不同主峰波长的有机包裹体,推测研究区至少存在4期油充注、1期天然气充注。     

绵阳地区白垩系岩石风化过程的生态效应

论述了四川绵阳地区白垩系七曲寺组砂岩、泥岩风化过程的信息动态及其对森林植被的生态效应，为长江上游水土保持防护林提供开发信息。     

拉萨市夏季大气降尘单颗粒矿物组成及其形貌特征

应用带能谱的电子扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)对拉萨市夏季正常天气下收集的大气自然沉降气溶胶样品进行分析,研究了拉萨市大气降尘矿物组成和各种物相形貌特征信息。拉萨市大气颗粒物含有硅酸盐颗粒、富钙颗粒、富铁颗粒、富碳颗粒(燃煤飞灰颗粒和燃油飞灰颗粒)和植物残体颗粒。根据颗粒物数量统计发现拉萨市大气颗粒物以硅酸盐颗粒为主,富钙颗粒和富铁颗粒次之,需要指出的是以燃油飞灰为主的富碳颗粒已占到一定比重,说明以燃油为主的机动车尾气对拉萨大气污染在加强。研究结果表明,大气降尘矿物成分及其形貌特征可以用作判定污染物来源的重要标志,拉萨大气中颗粒来源的多样性决定了治理措施也应综合进行。     

黄铁矿中晶格金的萃取实验及有关问题的初步研究

尽管某些研究者认为黄铁矿中确实存在有晶格金,但以前的研究都没有取得直接而充分的证据。为此,作者做了晶格金的萃取实验,使黄铁矿中的晶格金(离子金)形成[AuCl_4]-络合物,然后利用紫外—可见光谱证实了[AuCl_4]-的存在,从而取得了晶格金存在较为直接而充分的证据。作者认为,象黄铁矿中Fe~(2+)与Au~(+)的取代关系的理论解释不应局限于类质同象的传统理论上,而应用现代的配位场理论解释之。计算表明,只要温度足够高,Au~(+)是可以取代Fe~(2+)形成晶格金的。本文还通过穆斯鲍尔谱的研究,探讨了晶格金的形成机理。     

Lu–Hf and U–Pb isotope systematics of zircons from the Storgangen intrusion, Rogaland Intrusive Complex, SW Norway: implications for the composition and evolution of Precambrian lower crust in the Baltic Shield

The Storgangen orebody is a concordantly layered, sill-like body of ilmenite-rich norite, intruding anorthosites of the Rogaland Intrusive Complex (RIC), SW Norway. 17 zircon grains were separated from ca. 5 kg of sand-size flotation waste collected from the on-site repository from ilmenite mining. These zircons were analysed for major and trace elements by electron microprobe, and for U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes by laser ablation microprobe plasma source mass spectrometry. Eight of the zircons define a well-constrained (MSWD=0.37) concordant population with an age of 949±7 Ma, which is significantly older than the 920–930 Ma ages previously reported for zircon inclusions in orthopyroxene megacrysts from the RIC. The remaining zircons, interpreted as inherited grains, show a range of ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages up to 1407±14 Ma, with an upper intercept age at ca. 1520 Ma. The concordant zircons have similar trace element patterns, and a mean initial Hf isotope composition of ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf_{949 Ma}=0.28223±5 (_Hf=+2±2). This is similar to the Hf-isotope composition of zircons in a range of post-tectonic Sveconorwegian granites from South Norway, and slightly more radiogenic than expected for mid-Proterozoic juvenile crust. The older, inherited zircons show Lu–Hf crustal residence ages in the range 1.85–2.04 Ga. One (undated) zircon plots well within the field of Hf isotope evolution of Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Baltic Shield. These findings indicate the presence of Paleoproterozoic components in the deep crust of the Rogaland area, but do not demonstrate that such rocks, or a Sveconorwegian mantle-derived component, contributed significantly to the petrogenesis of the RIC. If the parent magma was derived from a homogeneous, lower crustal mafic granulite source, the lower crustal protolith must be at least 1.5 Ga old, and it must have an elevated Rb/Sr ratio. This component would be indistinguishable in Sr, Nd and Hf isotopes from some intermediate mixtures between Sveconorwegian mantle and Paleoprotoerzoic felsic crust, but it cannot account for the initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd of the most primitive, late Sveconorwegian granite in the region, without the addition of mantle-derived material.     

黑河下游绿洲地表辐射平衡及小气候特征分析

利用额济纳绿洲2004年5~10月微气象站观测资料,分析了该地区地表能量平衡及小气候特征.结果表明:在绿洲内太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、净辐射有明显的季节变化及日变化,日峰值及月总量在7月份达到最高.地表能量平衡季节变化显著,5、8、9、10月份,地面能量交换基本以感热通量为主,Bowen比值在日间>4;6、7月份,潜热蒸发是能量平衡的主要部分,Bowen比基本<1.5~10月土壤热通量值始终较小,约占净辐射的15%~20%.绿洲内近地层风速基本在0~5 m·s^-1之间,夜间风速变化很小,日间风速较大.随着土壤深度的增加,土壤温度变化趋势越来越缓慢,地表温度波动变化最大,而在40 cm深处土壤温度日变化很小.     

苏州城区地下水源热泵系统开发利用适宜性分区

以苏州城区为研究背景,阐述了浅层地温能资源赋存的水文地质条件,分析了地下水源热泵系统应用可能对地下水环境产生的影响,研究得出第Ⅱ承压含水层是该地区地下水源热泵开发利用的理想含水层.在此基础上,采用层次分析法和综合指数法建立适宜性分区标准,将苏州城区地下水源热泵系统应用划分为适宜区、一般适宜区和不适宜区,并进行了分区评价.为苏州城区地下水源热泵系统的合理开发利用和制定地下水环境保护措施等提供了重要依据.     

用线性自由能关系预测金属络合物的热力学性质

Sverjensky与Molling提出的线性自由能关系是根据金属阳离子的热力学性质来预测等结构系列中固体相的标准生成自由能。本文研究结果证实,水溶液中金属络合物与简单金属阳离子之间也存在类似的相关关系,预测值与实验值的差异通常小于1．5kcal／mol或小于一个log单位,这一线性自由能关系对于预测自然环境中重金属的水溶物种的配分、迁移和毒性具有非常重要的应用价值。