渤海海峡冬季无机碳的立体分布特征及其源汇变化

根据2010年2月至2010年3月对渤海海峡3个断面39个站位表层、10 m层和30 m层水体中盐度、水温、叶绿素a以及无机碳等参数的测定数据,分析了该季节溶解无机碳的分布特征以及源汇变化状况,探讨了影响其分布的主要因素。结果显示,调查期间渤海海峡水体中各水层溶解无机碳(DIC)及其组分浓度分布较一致,其中DIC及HCO₃-的浓度等值线分布均呈现出从西南向东北梯度降低的趋势,且受温度影响明显;二氧化碳分压[p(CO₂)]则表现出与叶绿素a含量成明显负相关的分布特征;位于渤海海峡东部的H断面垂直方向上,由于受黄海、渤海水团在海峡中部交汇混合形成的水体紊流影响,DIC及其组分在断面中部等值线分布较两边曲折。冬季渤海海峡表现出明显的源、汇分区分布特征,整个调查区海-气二氧化碳通量为3.52 mmol/(m2·d),表现为大气CO₂的弱源。冬季流经渤海海峡的DIC通量约为(130±2)×103 mol/s。     

北海湾近10 年来溶解无机氮含量变化及其与环境因子的关系

根据北海湾1995～2004 年10a 间8 个航次的调查资料, 分析研究了该湾溶解无机氮的含量变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明: 该湾溶解无机氮(DIN)含量具有春夏季较高、秋冬季较低的变化特点, 突出了南流江迳流的重大贡献作用; 在DIN 中, 所有航次均具有NO₃^-含量较高、NH₄⁺含量次之、NO₂^- 含量最低的分布特征, 而且除2004 年秋季外, NO₃^- 所占DIN 的比值均在63.38%以上, 已成为该湾DIN 的主要存在形式; 通过不同时期的对比分析, 得出该湾DIN 具有春秋季显著上升、冬夏季显著下降的变化规律, 增养殖排废起主导影响作用; 相关分析显示, DIN 与环境因子之间的相关性, 以与盐度出现的机率最多、显著性也最高, 与COD 的相关性次之, 与其余环境因子的相关性依次排列为pH>DO>Chl.a, 与3 种形态氮之间则以NO₃^- 和NO₂^- 最为密切, 7 个航次达到了显著正相关水平, 而与NH₄⁺的显著正相关只出现在迳流影响较小的秋冬季节。     

Benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Tinto–Odiel system (SW of Spain)

The benthic fluxes (diffusive and with chambers) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved oxygen (DO) and total alkalinity (TA) have been calculated in summertime in the estuary system formed by the mouths of the Tinto and Odiel rivers (SW of Spain). An increase of DIC in interstitial water with depth was found for all stations showing values of up to 28 mM at a depth of 5 cm. The diffusive fluxes of DIC and TA obtained ranging between 1.8–7.8 and 1.5–7.3 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively. These intervals are in agreement with those found for other coastal systems. Considering the plots of DIC vs. alkalinity (ΔDIC/ΔTA) in the first 30 cm of interstitial water, it was deduced that sulphate reduction and the oxidation of sulphides seem to have special relevance in the sediments of the stations studied. The benthic fluxes of inorganic carbon and DO measured by benthic chambers were variable, presenting elevated values (309–433 mmol DIC m⁻² d⁻¹ and 50–120 mmol DO m⁻² d⁻¹). The most elevated fluxes of DIC were seen at the stations with high anthropogenic influence (close to populated areas and industrial discharges). A great proportion of these fluxes are due to CaCO₃ dissolution processes, which constitute an estimated 49% of total DIC flux. DIC and DO benthic flux quotients were far in excess of unity, indicating the significance processes of anaerobic degradation of organic material at the stations studied.     

泉州湾溶解无机氮的含量分布组成及其与环境因子的关系

分析了泉州湾溶解无机氮(DIN)春季的含量分布、组成、潮周期及其与环境因子的关系.根据高值区判断洛阳江口以县区农田养殖输入硝酸氮(NO_3~--N)为主,而晋江口以市区生活污水输入氨氮(NH_4~+-N)为主,DIN含量的平面分布受NO_3~--N与NH_4~+-N共同控制.DIN的平均组成为NO_3~--N最高,NH_4~+-N其次,NO_2~--N远低于二者,NH_4~+-N平均占比达35%左右,DIN的组成未达到热力学平衡.根据DIN含量与溶解氧(DO)及化学需氧量(COD)的相关性分析,推测三氮转换不仅受到氧化还原过程的影响,还受更为复杂的来源、人类活动及生物过程等的影响;根据DIN含量与盐度的关系,NO_3~--N及NO2--N均呈现保守行为,NH_4~+-N淡水端有一定的增加现象,DIN含量与盐度的关系受NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N共同控制;DIN含量还受到悬浮物含量、温度、盐度及p H值等环境因子的控制,结合DIN含量与叶绿素a的相关性及分布情况,可推测春季DIN主要来源不是浮游植物分解.不同站位DIN含量的潮期变化相似,基本上都表现为涨潮冲淡作用下含量降低而落潮后回升.除此之外,泉州湾DIN含量的年际增长及超标均比较严重,需要采取相应的治理措施.     

准噶尔盆地灰漠土无机磷形态及磷吸附特性研究

选择新疆准噶尔盆地灰漠土作为研究对象,通过测定灰漠土中不同形态的无机磷素含量并进行土壤磷素等温吸附实验,研究灰漠土中各形态无机磷素的有效性和土壤磷吸附特征。结果表明,灰漠土中无机磷形态主要是Ca-P,占全磷含量75%以上,且以Ca₁₀-P形式为主,其次为Ca₈-P和Ca₂-P,无机磷中Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量较少。全剖面中随着土层深度增加,Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P和Al-P占全磷总量的比例减少,Ca₁₀-P占全磷总量则有所增加,0~20 cm土层全磷和Olsen-P含量最高,分别平均为926 mg·kg^-1和51.54 mg·kg^-1。统计分析表明Ca₂-P、Al-P是最有效的磷源,Ca₈-P和Fe-P是第二有效磷源,O-P和Ca₁₀-P则是作物的潜在磷源。利用Langmuir方程拟合灰漠土的磷等温吸附曲线,得出土壤最大吸磷量（Xm）为957±629 mg·kg^-1,吸附参数（K）为149.285±89.225;灰漠土的粘粒含量对Xm影响最大,其次是有机质,pH值影响最小。     

Bireflectance imaging of coal and carbon specimens

Although bireflectance measurements are routine, to date they have been limited to selected single point measurements. This study uses a 360° rotating polarizer in the incident light path combined with digital imaging to map the optical bireflectance of a polished specimen over the complete field of view, a system herein referred to as ‘Bireflectance Imaging of Coal and Carbon Specimens’ (BRICCS). True maximum reflectance maps and maps of polarizer angle for maximum reflectance (to identify co-ordered regions) are obtainable from the same data. A variety of coal, coke, char, graphite, and carbon/carbon specimens have been examined with the BRICCS system and the results demonstrate that the system can produce accurate maximum and apparent minimum reflectance, bireflectance, and extinction angle images. For example, flakes of natural graphite show no bireflectance along their long axis except in areas that have been strained. The images are maps showing the value of every pixel that has been calibrated by mineral reflectance standards. The maps are unique in that they show fields of view that cannot be seen by normal viewing through the microscope. For example, the bireflectance maps show the maximum difference between the maximum and apparent minimum reflectances for each of the million pixels at twenty orientations of the polarizer.     

含苯并三唑废水处理方法探讨

含苯并三唑废水是一类常规方法不能处理的化工废水,需要探讨有效的处理方法。在纳米科技理论指导下,以纳米微粒的吸附特性为切入点,确立了纳米微粒与无机高分子混凝剂最佳混凝形态之间联系的纽带。围绕混凝作用进行了纳米粉体材料混凝试验、无机高分子混凝剂混凝试验和电凝聚试验。结果发现,应用电凝聚法能有效去除废水中由苯并三唑产生的COD,从而成功地探索出有效处理含苯并三唑废水的方法。     

离子色谱法测定高纯镁砂中痕量无机阴离子

采用阴离子交换色谱电导检测法分析高纯镁砂（MgO）中的无机阴离子。MgO粉末在管式电炉1250-1350℃高温下通氧气加热，硫酸盐和氯化物等受热分解，气态生成物被40mL含25mg镁粉的0．25mol／LNaOH溶液吸收。方法的回收率为93．7％-95．3％，精密度（RSD，n=5）为4．32％-4．63％。对若干相关的分析技术问题，亦进行了讨论。     

The effect of gross primary production, net primary production and net ecosystem exchange on the carbon fixation by chemical weathering of basalt in northeastern Iceland

The overall objective of this study is to define and interpret the annual dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux in selected river catchments in North Eastern Iceland. The flux stems primarily from chemical weathering of basalt. The DIC flux out of the catchments is compared with the spatial distribution of the various vegetation communities and their gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). There is no correlation between the DIC flux and the GPP, but one between DIC and NPP. The DIC flux is highly dependent on the NEE, which in turn is governed by the area extent of wetlands in these catchments. A variation by a factor 5 of the NEE results in a variation by a factor 2.8 in the river dissolved inorganic flux.