Seasonal variations in the inorganic carbon system in the Pearl River (Zhujiang) estuary

Seasonal variations in the inorganic carbon system in the Pearl River estuary are examined based on data from five surveys during the spring, summer, fall, and winter seasons. Both total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TAlk) values in the freshwater end-members are high in the dry season (>2700 μmol kg⁻¹ for DIC and >2400 μmol kg⁻¹ for TAlk) and substantially lower in the wet season (DIC and TAlk were ∼1000 and 700 μmol kg⁻¹, respectively). Riverine DIC flux and drainage basin weathering rates, however, are significantly higher in the wet season (611×10⁹ mol yr⁻¹ and 13.6×10⁵ mol km⁻² yr⁻¹) than in the dry season (237×10⁹ mol yr⁻¹ and 5.3×10⁵ mol km⁻² yr⁻¹).     

太湖3种优势微囊藻对不同形态磷的吸收利用

微囊藻(Microcystis)是最常见的淡水水华蓝藻,它们对磷营养盐的竞争力是其成为优势种的最主要影响因素.本文以太湖水华中的3种优势微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae,Microcystis wesenbergii和Microcystis aeruginosa)为材料,比较研究了它们对正磷酸盐(K₂HPO₄)、三聚磷酸盐(Na₅P₃O₁₀)、小分子溶解态有机磷(葡萄糖-6-磷酸,G-6-P)和大分子溶解态有机磷(卵磷脂)的吸收和利用能力.结果发现,3种微囊藻对4种磷形态有明显的嗜好.当磷浓度为0.2 mg/L时,M. flosaquae只在正磷酸盐下生长最快,M. wesenbergii在三聚磷酸盐和大、小分子有机磷下生长最快,M. aeruginosa在所有磷形态下生长都最慢.而当磷浓度为2.0 mg/L时,M. flos-aquae在所有形态磷下生长都最快.在2种磷浓度下M. wesenbergii都表现出最高的溶解态无机磷比例和光合活性F_v/F_m.以上结果说明,3种藻在磷形态利用方面存在明显的互补性差异,即低磷浓度下M. wesenbergii适宜利用的磷形态更多,高磷浓度下M. flos-aquae适宜利用的磷形态更多,而不论磷浓度高低,M. aeruginosa对4种形态磷的适应性最差.由此可知,可利用磷形态的丰富性只是部分优势微囊藻的竞争策略.     

Formation Laws of Inorganic Gas Pools in the Northern Jiangsu Basin

In the Northern Jiangsu basin there are high pure CO2 gas pools, low condensed oil-containing CO2 gas pools, high condensed oil-containing CO2 gas pools and He-containing natural gas pools, with the δ13Cco2 (PDB) values ranging from -2.87‰ to -6.50‰, 3He/4He 3.71×10-6 to 6.42×10-6, R/Ra 2.64 to 4.5, 40Ar/36Ar 705 to 734, belonging to typical mantle source inorganic gas pools which are related to young magmatic activity. The gas layers occur in two major reservoir-caprock systems, the terrestrial Meso-Cenozoic clastic rock system and the marine Meso-Palaeozoic carbonate rock-clastic rock system. Controlled by the difference in the scale of traps in the two reservoir-caprock systems, large and medium-scale inorganic gas pools are formed in the marine Meso-Palaeozoic Group and only small ones are formed in the terrestrial Meso-Cenozoic strata. Inorganic gas pools in this basin are distributed along the two deep lithospheric faults on the west and south boundaries of the basin. Gas pools are developed     

厦门市近15年无机氮湿沉降的变化情况

为了研究厦门市大气湿沉降中的无机氮情况,分析了2000～2014年厦门市内和郊区的雨水中NO_3^--N和NH_4^+-N的浓度及其沉降通量的变化情况,并对湿沉降中无机氮对厦门近海海水生态系统的影响进行讨论。结果表明,厦门市内和郊区雨水中NO_3^--N和NH_4^+-N的浓度均为春季较高,夏季较低;高浓度无机氮在一年中出现的时间段在两个区域有差别,这可能与这两个区域的季风转换和大气混合层高度变化有关。在2000～2014年,雨水中NO_3^--N的浓度在市内总体呈下降趋势,在郊区总体呈上升趋势;NH_4^+-N浓度的年变化规律不明显。湿沉降给厦门近岸海域带来的NO_3^--N和NH_4^+-N的量分别为1056 t/a和1278 t/a,低于该区域河流输入的无机氮的量的10%,说明湿沉降不是厦门近岸海域海水中无机氮的主要来源。通过比较厦门雨水和近岸海水中的营养盐情况,发现雨水的沉降可能会促进厦门近海部分区域海水中浮游植物的生长。     

改性粘土絮凝法对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)稚贝的影响

本实验以太平洋牡蛎稚贝(Crassostrea gigas,～0.2cm)为对象,研究了HDTMA有机改性粘土和PAC无机改性粘土絮凝法治理赤潮时对海洋底栖生物的影响。96h急性毒性实验中二者对牡蛎稚贝的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为4.62g/L和2.67g/L。在能够有效去除赤潮微藻的浓度条件下(0.10g/L),经慢性毒性实验发现改性粘土对牡蛎稚贝成活率无影响,牡蛎生长速度较对照组没有明显差异,滤食率比培养实验初始时升高了3～4倍,同时在牡蛎超微组织结构中未发现机械损伤。通过模拟改性粘土去除赤潮生物(Heterosigma akashiwo和Prorocentrum donghaiense)过程中对生物体的影响,发现改性粘土絮凝法通过去除赤潮藻能显著提高牡蛎的存活率,所以HDTMA有机改性粘土和PAC无机改性粘土絮凝法在赤潮生物防控中可以作为一项有效的应急措施。     

Burial fluxes and source apportionment of carbon in culture areas of Sanggou Bay over the past 200 years

In this study,we assessed the burial fluxes and source appointment of different forms of carbon in core sediments collected from culture areas in the Sanggou Bay,and preliminarily analyzed the reasons for the greater proportion of inorganic carbon burial fluxes(BFTIC).The average content of total carbon(TC) in the Sanggou Bay was 2.14%.Total organic carbon(TOC) accounted for a small proportion in TC,more than 65% of which derived from terrigenous organic carbon(Ct),and while the proportion of marine-derived organic carbon(Ca) increased significantly since the beginning of large-scale aquaculture.Total inorganic carbon(TIC) accounted for 60%–75%of TC,an average of which was 60%,with a maximum up to 90% during flourishing periods(1880–1948) of small natural shellfish derived from seashells inorganic carbon(Shell-IC).The TC burial fluxes ranged from 31 g/(m2·a)to 895 g/(m2·a) with an average of 227 g/(m2·a),which was dominated by TIC(about 70%).Shell-IC was the main source of TIC and even TC.As the main food of natural shellfish,biogenic silica(BSi) negatively correlated with BFTIC through affecting shellfish breeding.BFTIC of Sta.S1,influenced greatly by the Yellow Sea Coastal Current,had a certain response to Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) in some specific periods.     

东、黄海柱状沉积物中有机磷与无机磷的含量与分布研究

研究了东、黄海海域典型站位柱状沉积物中总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)及有机磷(OP)的含量及其分布特征.东海、黄海海域3种形态磷的浓度范围分别如下:东海:TP 13.73～19.85 μmol·g~(-1),IP 11.39～16.03 μmol·g~(-1)和OP 2.11～3.81 μmol·g~(-1);黄海:TP 14.44～18.33 μmol·g~(-1);IP 11.79～15.88 μmol·g~(-1)和OP 2.45～2.65 μmol·g~(-1).两海区沉积物中IP/TP和OP/TP变化范围分别为79%～88%和12%～21%.IP是研究海域沉积物中磷的主要存在形式,陆源输入为影响沉积物磷浓度的主要因素.地处长江口附近的E4站和东海中部海区的E6站分别为所有调查站位中各形态磷浓度的最高和最低者.不同海区柱状沉积物中各形态磷浓度的垂直分布特点不同.其分布特征在一定程度上反映了相应历史时段该站位营养盐输入水平、自然条件和人类活动的重大变化.     

虾池生态系的氮平衡及氨水平的生物调控虾池中三氮的动态趋势(Ⅰ)

根据对胶州湾两个半封闭海水对虾养殖池塘现场调查和实验测试,寻找一种适合该虾池的用于分析氮营养盐的方法,讨论和分析该水环境中氮营养盐的存在特征与行为,得到在不同理化指标下各价态氮营养盐的含量和变化趋势,通过分析其含量和变化特征,对于合理施肥和投饵,有效调节放养量具有一定的指导意义。     

一种适应性强的大型油田钻井液——SQ高温高压油气井无固机无机钻井液的研制

ＳＱ高温高压无固相无相钻井液是一种由加重剂、粘度调节剂、缓蚀剂和除氧剂组成的无机钻井液,它对储层渗透率的恢复值高（ 比现有的钻井液高出１０％ ～１３ ％ ） ,具有腐蚀性弱（０．０４９ｍｍ／ａ） 、与地下水和ＣＯ２ 等混合后不产生沉淀、耐高温（ ＞ ８０ ℃） 、密度高（１ ．５１ ～１ ．７０ｇ／ｃｍ３）等特性,故对油气层和机械设备具有良好的保护作用,是一种应性强的大型油田钻井液。