烟台夹河口外柱状沉积物还原性无机硫、活性铁的变化特征及其相互关系

海洋沉积物中还原性无机硫和活性铁的地球化学过程与沉积物环境质量演变密切相关。本研究利用改进的冷扩散法和盐酸萃取法分别对烟台夹河口北部海域深约4 m的柱状沉积物中的酸性可挥发硫(AVS)、黄铁矿硫(CRS)、元素硫(ES)和活性铁(FeⅡ和FeⅢ)进行了测定,并从地球化学机理方面探讨了硫与铁的分布特征及其耦合机制。结果表明,烟台夹河口北部近海深层柱状沉积物中还原性无机硫以CRS为主,其次是AVS和ES,其中AVS含量垂向分布较均匀,而CRS和ES含量在垂向上呈表层和底层高,中间层低的趋势;活性铁以Fe(Ⅱ)为主,其随深度增加而增加,Fe(Ⅲ)随深度逐渐降低,大部分Fe(Ⅲ)被还原为溶解态的Fe(Ⅱ),并且与硫酸盐还原产生的H_2S相结合生成CRS和ES,导致CRS和ES在柱状沉积物底部积累;同时研究表明,较低的硫化度和矿化度,活性铁不是还原性无机硫累积的限制因子。     

Latitudinal Distribution of CO2 Fugacity along 175°E in the North Pacific in 1992–1996

In order to examine latitudinal distribution and seasonal change of the surface oceanic fCO₂, we analyzed the data obtained in the North Pacific along 175°E during the NOPACCS cruises in spring and summer of 1992–1996. Except for around the equator where the fCO₂ was significantly affected by the upwelling of deep water, the latitudinal distribution of fCO₂ showed distinctive seasonal variation. In the spring, the fCO₂ decreased and then increased going southward with the minimum value of about 300 µatm around 35°N, while in the summer, the fCO₂ displayed high variability, showing minimum and maximum values at latitudes of around 44° and 35°N, respectively. It was also found that the fCO₂ was well correlated with the SST, but the relationship between the two was different for different hydrographic regions. In the subpolar gyre, the frontal regions between the Water-Mass Front and the Kuroshio bifurcation front, and between the Kuroshio bifurcation front and the Kuroshio Extension current, SST, DIC and TA influenced the seasonal fCO₂ change through seasonally-dependent biological activities and vertical mixing and stratification of seawater. In the central subtropical gyre and the North Equatorial current, the seasonal fCO₂ change was found to be produced basically by changes in SST and DIC. The summertime oceanic fCO₂ generally increased with time over the period covered by this study, but the increased rate was clearly higher than those expected from other measurements in the western North Pacific.     

松辽盆地油气无机成因与勘探方向

松辽盆地中浅层沉积层勘探已接近饱和,随着油气勘探向深层进军,油气无机成因研究在勘探实践中日益重要。徐家围子深层天然气为典型的无机成因天然气。松辽盆地三肇地区扶、杨油层原油“上生下储”模式的否定,为寻找深部油源提供了可靠的事实依据。古潜山油气藏“新生古储”和“侧向运移”模式的否定,为基岩油气藏无机成因提供了可靠的证据。松辽盆地无机成因油气藏研究需要得到有力的支持和保证,因为基岩油气藏勘探是松辽盆地今后首选勘探目标。     

1860年以来博斯腾湖碳沉积过程演变

选取博斯腾湖3个不同点位岩芯,在²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs年代序列基础上,利用沉积物中的各理化指标,分析了该湖碳沉积的时空变化特征,结合各指标的相关性、沉积速率、C/N、同位素特征等,探讨了该湖1860年以来碳沉积环境的变化过程,为干旱区湖泊碳埋藏研究提供了依据.结果表明：1860-1910年,沉积速率相对较小,受人类活动影响较小,磁化率、中值粒径、总无机碳（TIC）较为稳定,总有机碳（TOC）含量相对较低,此时该湖有较多陆源有机质的输入;1910-1950年,湖泊西部浅水域沉积速率明显高于东部深水区,西北湖区水域有大量外源物质的输入,而湖泊初级生产力较低,内源贡献相对较小;1950-1980年,全湖TOC、TIC含量均呈现升高的趋势,尤其是西北近黄水沟水域升高最快,湖泊内源贡献在增加,陆源组分的输入相对前一阶段要少;1980-2002年,沉积速率快速升高,尤其湖泊东部水域最为明显,TOC含量均呈现升高的趋势,湖泊西部水域初级生产力要高于东部深水区,湖面蒸发较强,气候比较温暖;2002年以来,全湖沉积速率相对较高,外源有机质贡献较小.过去150年博斯腾湖沉积物碳累积速率整体上呈现出升高的趋势,尤其是近50年来快速升高,东部湖区碳累积速率比西部湖区高.     

Origin and chemical and isotopic evolution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater of the Okavango Delta,Botswana

The origin and the chemical and isotopic evolution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater of the Okavango Delta in semi-arid Botswana were investigated using DIC and major ion concentrations and stable oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotopes (δD, δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C_DIC). The δD and δ¹⁸O indicated that groundwater was recharged by evaporated river water and unevaporated rain. The river water and shallow (<10 m) groundwater are Ca–Na–HCO₃ type and the deep (≥10 m) groundwater is Na–K–HCO₃ to HCO₃–Cl–SO₄ to Cl–SO₄–HCO₃. Compared to river water, the mean DIC concentrations were 2 times higher in shallow groundwater, 7 times higher in deep groundwater and 24 times higher in island groundwater. The δ¹³C_DIC indicate that DIC production in groundwater is from organic matter oxidation and in island groundwater from organic matter oxidation and dissolution of sodium carbonate salts. The ionic and isotopic evolution of the groundwater relative to evaporated river water indicates two independent pools of DIC.     

象山港溶解无机氮环境容量研究

综合考虑凫溪、颜公河、郭巨大碶等10个陆源污染物入海口的影响,建立了象山港三维水质模型并对该海域溶解无机氮(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen,DIN)时空分布进行了数值模拟。结合象山港海域功能区划要求,通过调整各入海口DIN最低排海浓度(Rmin)的取值范围设置了四类情境,基于排海通量最优化法计算了对应情境下象山港DIN的环境容量。结果表明,象山港DIN环境容量随Rmin的增大而减小,其范围介于127.16~274.17 t/a;同时Rmin的增大也导致各入海口DIN排海通量需要削减,按削减优先程度,可将各入海口划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四级,入海口所处海域水体半交换时间越长、DIN年排海通量越大,相应的削减优先程度越高。     

酸洗法测定海洋沉积物有机碳和无机碳含量的致命缺陷

Organic and inorganic carbon contents of marine sediments are important to reconstruct marine productivity,global carbon cycle, and climate change. A proper method to separate and determine organic and inorganic carbons is thus of great necessity. Although the best method is still disputable, the acid leaching method is widely used in many laboratories because of its ease-of-use and high accuracy. The results of the elemental analysis of sediment trap samples reveal that organic and inorganic carbon contents cannot be obtained using the acid leaching method, causing an infinitely amplified error when the carbon content of the decarbonated sample is 12%±1% according to a mathematical derivation. Acid fumigation and gasometric methods are used for comparison, which indicates that other methods can avoid this problem in organic carbon analysis. For the first time, this study uncovers the pitfalls of the acid leaching method, which limits the implication in practical laboratory measurement, and recommends alternative solutions of organic/inorganic carbon determination in marine sediments.     

Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon （DIC） and Its Related Parameters in Seawater of the North Yellow Sea and off the Qingdao Coast in October, 2007

Data on the distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were obtained from two cruises in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) and off the Qingdao Coast (QC) in October, 2007. Carbonate parameters were calculated. The concentrations of DIC are from 1.896–2.229 mmolL⁻¹ in the NYS and from 1.939–2.032 mmolL⁻¹ off the QC. In the southwest of the NYS, DIC in the upper layers decreases from the north of the SP (Shandong Peninsula) shelf to the center of the NYS; whereas in the lower layers DIC increases from the north of the SP shelf to the center of the NYS and South Yellow Sea. In the northeast of the NYS, DIC in all layers increases from the YR (Yalu River) estuary to the centre of the NYS. The distribution of DIC in NYS can be used as an indicator of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM). Air-sea CO₂ fluxes were calculated using three models and the results suggest that both the NYS and the QC waters are potential sources of atmospheric CO₂ in October.     

活石（live rock）在珊瑚养殖体系中对NH4+、NO3-的去除作用

Maintaining stable water quality is one of the key processes for recirculating coral aquaculture. Traditional aquarium systems which mainly utilized a nitrification of nitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of massive artificial filter material are difficult to maintain the oligotrophic conditions necessary for coral aquaculture. This study investigated the removal effects of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(ammonia and nitrate) by live rock(LR), a key component in the "Berlin system" coral aquarium. The expression levels of bacterial functional genes, AOA3,amo A and nos Z, were measured on the exterior and interior of LR. The nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial abundance on LR was quantified and the nitrogen nutrient regulatory effects of LR were evaluated. The results demonstrated that LR mainly removed ammonium(NH_4~+) from the water with a mean efficiency of 0.141 mg/(kg·h), while the removal of nitrate(NO_3~–) was not significant. Bacterial diversity analysis showed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) were the most common bacteria on LR, which accounted for 0.5%–1.4% of the total bacterial population, followed by denitrifying bacteria, which accounted for 0.2% of the total population, and the ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) were the least common type(0.01%). The low abundance of denitrifying bacteria may be responsible for the poor nitrate(NO_3~–) removal of LR. Thus, other biological filtration methods are needed in coral aquaria to control nitrates generated from nitrification or biological metabolism.     

考洲洋牡蛎养殖海域海-气界面CO2交换通量的时空变化

根据2018年7月、11月和2019年1月、4月对广东考洲洋牡蛎养殖海域进行4个季节调查获得的p H、溶解无机碳(DIC)、水温、盐度、溶解氧(DO)及叶绿素a(Chla)等数据,估算该区域表层海水溶解无机碳体系各分量的浓度、初级生产力(PP)、表层海水CO₂分压[p(CO₂)]和海-气界面CO₂交换通量(FCO₂),分析牡蛎养殖活动对养殖区碳循环的影响。结果表明:牡蛎养殖区表层海水中Chl a、DIC、HCO₃^–和PP显著低于非养殖区;养殖淡季表层海水中pH、DO、DIC、HCO₃^–、和CO₃^2–显著大于养殖旺季,养殖旺季的p(CO₂)和FCO₂显著大于养殖淡季。牡蛎养殖区表层海水夏季、秋季、冬季和春季的海-气界面CO₂交换通量FCO₂平均值分别是(42.04±9.56)、(276...