贵州省矿产资源总体规划（第二轮）的环境影响评价

本文结合贵州矿业开发对环境的影响程度、地质灾害危险性大小及矿山环境治理的难易程度,划分了矿山环境影响严重区、矿山环境影响较严重区及矿山环境影响一般区;对《贵州省矿产资源总体规划》(2006-2010)进行规划合理性及协调性分析、规划实施的环境影响预测评价,提出了减缓环境影响的措施,得出《规划》是可行的结论。     

沁水盆地新近纪张村组油页岩评价及古环境分析

为了深入分析油页岩发育特征对古环境的指示作用,为油页岩资源评价提供理论指导,选取沁水盆地中部新近系张村组油页岩为研究对象,采用岩石热解、有机碳测定、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）测试等方法分析油页岩有机地球学和元素地球化学特征,探讨沉积期的古气候和古地理环境。结果表明,张村组油页岩含油率较低,为4.15%;干酪根类型为标准腐泥型（I₁）,埋藏较浅,生烃潜力较高;样品的微量元素富集指数和地球化学参数特征显示,张村组油页岩有机质为混合来源,湖泊自身生产力提供主要物质基础;沉积期气候温暖湿润,盆地内水体由盐湖逐渐淡化,油页岩形成于水体分层不强的厌氧、深湖环境。油页岩的地球化学特征与沉积期的古气候、古地理环境具有较好耦合性。     

煤矿空洞型采空区高浓度浆液充填扩展机制及控制措施

高浓度浆液在采空区内的充填扩展机制及控制措施是空洞型采空区充填治理需要解决的难题之一。基于此,结合高浓度浆液输送及流变学理论,构建高浓度浆液充填过程模型,揭示其扩展机制,研究充填扩展过程的动力及阻力计算方法,确定充填堆积体形态主要影响因素及控制方法,并通过室外充填试验验证理论成果。结果表明：高浓度浆液充填阻力计算值与实验值相对误差约为5%;浆液的流变参数屈服应力及黏度与管道输送阻力成正比;凝结特性影响浆液堆积体强度增长趋势,凝结过程使浆液在堆积体与顶板间流动时阻力增大;当充填材料及流量不变时,管道输送沿程阻力主要受管道直径及长度影响;局部阻力与管道直径、弯头、变径形式及数量相关,数量越多局部阻力越大;浆液性质、充填路径及注浆工艺是影响充填堆积体形态的主要因素,缩短充填距离、减少管道变径及弯头数量、降低浆液屈服应力及黏度、增大注浆流量及压力有助于浆液扩展至更大范围,反之可使浆液扩展范围减小。成果为空洞型采空区高浓度浆液控制性充填提供依据。     

煤矿采空区影响程度的两种评估方法对比分析

基于两种典型的采煤区影响程度评估方法,对比分析两种评估方法的结果,讨论二者的优缺点。研究结果表明：概率积分法和模糊综合评判法的采煤区影响程度划分结果存在明显差异。与模糊综合评判法相比,概率积分法的评价结果更为客观,理论体系更加成熟,但是其参数选取也存在的不足,建议根据参数反演选取预测参数。模糊综合评判法运用于采煤区影响程度分析存在缺陷,因子权重分配和影响程度隶属函数体系有待进一步完善。     

晋南临汾-运城盆地土壤氟含量及其影响因素

通过对临汾-运城盆地表层土壤F含量的空间变化规律和影响因素的研究,发现土壤平均含F量为520mg/kg,高于全国土壤背景值。表层土壤中F的空间分布不均匀,呈现出由盆地四周向盆地中心递增的趋势。研究表明,土壤F含量的分布主要受控于粉粒和有机质等土壤理化性质、元素间的相互作用、F的吸附特性等因素,人为因素对其也有一定影响。有机质和粉粒等土壤理化性质对土壤F含量的影响较大,说明研究区土壤F含量与F的特殊化学性质和母岩类型有关。因子分析发现,研究区表层土壤F的分布可能受自然地质作用和人为作用2种因素的影响,N、Cd、Se、Cu、Zn、Mo可能代表了F的原始共生元素;土壤F的含量随Mo、Zn、Fe、Mg等元素含量的增加而增加,可能与Fe3 离子在土壤中的吸附作用有关;而F-与OH-的配位置换作用可能是造成土壤中F-吸附的主导因素。     

广州地区风化壳特征及其对城市建设的影响

文章划分了块状岩类、变质岩类、碎屑岩类、红色岩类、碳酸岩(石灰岩)类5类红色风化壳,宏观地叙述了各类红色风化壳的发育特征。介绍了各类风化壳的空间分布及其岩土性质,指出块状岩类风化壳、变质岩类风化壳、碎屑岩类风化壳一般分布于丘陵山体的斜坡上;红色岩类(红层)风化壳和碳酸盐岩类(石灰岩)的风化壳,一般埋藏于台地和平原的地面以下,以埋藏型风化壳为主。各类风化壳对城市建设环境的影响,并引发了边坡失稳、地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等灾害,分析了致灾因素。为城市规划建设、工程决策、灾害防治提供风化壳对城市建设环境影响的依据。     

Laboratory investigation on wave transmission through two rows of perforated hollow piles

Experimental investigations on perforated hollow piles in two rows were conducted in a two dimensional wave flume. The influence of water depth, incident wave steepness, clear spacing between the piles and the spacing of pile rows on transmission coefficient have been studied. The effect of staggering of piles in rows is investigated. The results are also compared with the results of experiments on piles without perforations. The investigations have revealed that perforated piles attenuate more wave energy than non-perforated piles. The transmission coefficient K_t decreases as the wave steepness increases for both non-perforated and perforated piles. For non-perforated piles as relative clear spacing between the piles (b/D) decreases, for waves of higher steepness, K_t decreases while for perforated piles as b/D decreases, K_t is decreasing for all the steepness considered. As the relative clear spacing between the pile rows (B/D) increases K_t initially decreases till B/D is around one and later it starts increasing for both non-perforated and perforated piles. Staggering of piles has little effect on K_t. It is also found that water depth has insignificant influence on transmission coefficient at higher steepness for both perforated and non-perforated piles. Wave period alone does not directly influence transmission coefficient K_t.     

A Semi-Analytical Method for the PDFs of A Ship Rolling in Random Oblique Waves

The PDFs (probability density functions) and probability of a ship rolling under the random parametric and forced excitations were studied by a semi-analytical method. The rolling motion equation of the ship in random oblique waves was established. The righting arm obtained by the numerical simulation was approximately fitted by an analytical function. The irregular waves were decomposed into two Gauss stationary random processes, and the CARMA (2, 1) model was used to fit the spectral density function of parametric and forced excitations. The stochastic energy envelope averaging method was used to solve the PDFs and the probability. The validity of the semi-analytical method was verified by the Monte Carlo method. The C11 ship was taken as an example, and the influences of the system parameters on the PDFs and probability were analyzed. The results show that the probability of ship rolling is affected by the characteristic wave height, wave length, and the heading angle. In order to provide proper advice for the ship''s manoeuvring, the parametric excitations should be considered appropriately when the ship navigates in the oblique seas.     

Coastal Wave Height Prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) in the South Caspian Sea

The prediction of wave parameters has a great significance in the coastal and offshore engineering. For this purpose, several models and approaches have been proposed to predict wave parameters, such as empirical, soft computing, and numerical based approaches. Recently, soft computing techniques such as recurrent neural networks (RNN) have been used to develop sea wave prediction models. In this study, the RNN for wave prediction based on the data gathered and the measurement of the sea waves in the Caspian Sea, in the north of Iran is used for this study. The efficiency of RNNs for 3, 6, and 12 hourly and diurnal wave prediction using correlation coefficients is calculated to be 0.96, 0.90, 0.87, and 0.73, respectively. This indicates that wave prediction by using RNNs yields better results than the previous neural network approaches.     

沿岸流中混合系数的实验研究

进行了在规则波作用下破波带内水平混合系数测量的物理模型实验。通过在沿岸流流场中投放墨水点源和采用CCD摄像机摄像,测量了点源扩散过程。利用水深平均二维扩散方程近似解析解得到了由实验结果计算混合系数的方法。实验结果表明:扩散系数仅依赖于当地水深,与波浪参数(周期和波高)无关。沿岸流沿水深变化产生的离散作用导致顺流方向(纵向)混合系数远大于横流方向(横向)混合系数。横流方向混合系数中由波浪产生的扩散系数占总扩散系数约40%,其余为波浪破碎引起的湍流产生的扩散系数。