解析几何法在倾斜结构面地质图编制中的应用

工程地质图是表明各种地质及水文地质现象的一种图件,它是否能客观地反映实际情况与制图方式极为密切。本文就一些传统的地质制图法与解析几保法在倾斜结构面的地质图编制中的应用方法进行对比,认为解析几何法在倾斜结构面地图编制中的应用方法蝇一种简单而行之有效的制图方法。     

Piezomagnetic potentials due to an inclined rectangular fault in a semi-infinite medium

Analytical solutions for the piezomagnetic potentials are derived for strike-slip, dip-slip and tensile-opening fault motions with arbitrary dip and strike angles, so as to be applicable in various types of earthquakes. These solutions are expressed as the composition of elementary functions which are identical to the magnetic potentials produced by magnetic dipoles, quadrupoles and octupoles distributed on the fault plane and other planes. Therefore, the geomagnetic field changes due to the piezomagnetic effect are expressed by the superposition of the fields produced by these equivalent sources.
Examples of calculated results show characteristic features for various types of fault motions as follows: (1) the pattern of the geomagnetic field changes becomes significantly different depending on the strike direction, although the maximum amplitude is almost the same for all directions; (2) the geomagnetic field change reaches a maximum at a dip angle of 90° for strike-slip and tensile-opening fault motions and at 45° for dip-slip fault motion.     

平缓红砂岩滑坡特征及警示分析

通过调查研究朝阳坡平缓泥质粉砂岩滑坡,对其滑坡产生的地质条件、软弱夹层与斜坡和冲沟的关系、软弱夹层的强度指标、裂缝的发展等进行了分析。根据对红砂岩滑坡规律的认识,及时在滑坡发展阶段撤离该地区居民,避免了生命财产的重大损失。平缓红砂岩滑坡的内在因素是软弱夹层及其临空,外在因素是强降雨使其抗剪强度降低。通过实例加深了对滑坡机制的认识,为从事类似滑坡调查和相关工程的科研设计、施工、监理人员提供了参考。     

二维正方晶格光控太赫兹波调制器

2006年冬季在南京北郊盘城利用系留气球探测系统、自动气象站等仪器对雾日和非雾日的边界层进行了监测,对比分析了两者的边界层结构。结果表明,非雾日主要为单层贴地逆温,并时常出现短时的双层结构,雾发展成熟时逆温则脱离地面。与非雾日相比,雾日平均雾顶之上温度日较差增大,雾顶之下则减小。平均风速的时间—高度分布在雾日和非雾日类似,在稳定性边界层中风速随高度出现一个或者两个极大值区。温度和比湿在非雾日没有显著的对应性,而在雾体内具有较好的对应关系,在雾顶升降过程中反相关。较强的逆温、较低的温度和较小的近地层风速是南京冬季成雾的背景条件。     

坑道钻探中中深斜孔施工技术

从钻探器具选择、钻探硐室设计、钻孔结构、钻具级配、钻进参数、冲洗液、钻头参数等方面总结了江西德兴银山铜铅锌矿山接替资源勘探中在坑道内进行中深斜孔钻探的工艺技术。     

Observations and conceptual modelling of morphological coupling in a double sandbar system

Nearshore sandbars, located in <10 m water depth, can contain remarkably periodic alongshore undulations in both cross‐shore position and depth. In a double sandbar system, the alongshore spacing of these morphological patterns in the inner sandbar may be identical to those in the outer sandbar. Although this morphological coupling has been observed previously, its frequency and predominance remain unclear. In this paper, we use a 9.3‐year dataset of daily low‐tide time exposure images from the double‐barred beach at Surfers Paradise (Gold Coast, Australia) to analyse the temporal and spatial characteristics of morphological coupling within a double sandbar system. We distinguish five types of morphological coupling between the inner and outer sandbars, of which four coincide with a downstate progression of the outer bar. Coupling is either in‐phase (with a landward perturbation of the inner bar facing an outer‐bar horn) or out‐of‐phase (with a seaward perturbation of the inner bar facing an outer‐bar horn), where the coupled inner‐bar features either consist of rip channels or, predominantly, perturbations of the low‐tide terrace. Cross‐correlation of the image‐derived inner‐ and outer‐bar patterns shows coupling to be a common phenomenon in the double sandbar system studied here, with coupling in 40% of the observations. In contrast to previous observations of sandbar–shoreline coupling at single‐barred beaches, in‐phase coupling (85% of all coupled bar patterns) predominates over out‐of‐phase coupling (15%). Based on our observations and bathymetries assimilated from the images for a restricted set of coupling events, we hypothesize that the angle of offshore wave incidence, wave height and depth variations along the outer sandbar determine the type of flow pattern (cell circulations versus meandering currents) above the inner bar and hence steer the type of coupling. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深部急倾斜煤层偏压巷道支护参数优化研究

深部急倾斜煤层由于受特殊的地质结构和高地应力影响,煤层巷道开挖后易出现地层错动、垮塌的特点,施工中冒顶、底臌现象异常突出,巷道支护极其困难。通过对新集三矿-700 m煤探巷道进行现场勘查与试验,针对该急倾斜软岩巷道变形非对称性,底臌严重、地层错动的破坏特点,提出了可缩性U型钢全断面封闭支护和非对称性预应力锚杆(索)支护的全新支护方案,通过大型有限元软件ABAQUS建立数值分析模型,与原支护方案进行了对比分析。研究表明,采用改进支护方案巷道底臌位移量减小了66%,最大拉应力从0.58 MPa减小到0.38 MPa,塑性区较原方案更小,支护结构受力更加均匀。其结果可为同类地质条件的巷道支护设计提供一定参考。     

动力锚在斜坡地基上的沉贯特性

水上浮式结构都需要锚固基础来定位.动力锚依靠重力以自由落体的方式安装,是一种自安装锚固基础,具有安装过程简单高效的优点.通过1g模型试验研究了自行研制开发的板型动力锚在斜坡地基上的沉贯过程,分别考虑了基床坡度、锚柄方位和贯入速度对锚最终偏角的影响.结果表明:基床的坡度越大,锚的最终偏角也越大,但基床坡度对动力锚最终偏角影响有限,对动力锚的安装和承载能力影响较小.当贯入速度相同时,锚柄平行坡面时锚的最终偏角最小,锚柄指向坡外时锚的最终偏角最大;当基床坡度相同时,锚的贯入速度越大,锚的最终偏角越小.     

ScanSAR模式海冰图像的分割

合成孔径雷达SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)图像的非平稳性是SAR海冰图像自动解释的主要障碍,入射角效应是导致海冰图像特征不稳定的主要因素之一。基于Radarsat-1 ScanSAR模式数据,本文提出了一种集成入射角效应校正步骤的分割算法。该方法综合考虑了入射角效应、斑点噪声等不确定因素,经由像素到区域再到大尺度区域这一途径,把区域聚类、类尺度上的入射角效应校正以及区域合并等操作组合起来,以有效提高分割算法对非平稳性的适应能力。针对巴芬湾和和波斯尼亚湾ScanSAR模式图像的实验表明,本文提出的方法可有效提高分割准确性。     

P-SV波斜入射时成层半空间自由场的时域算法

刘晶波和王艳提出了一种弹性水平成层半空间中平面P-SV波斜入射时平面内自由波场时域计算的一维化有限元方法,该方法采用黏性人工边界条件近似地模拟下部基岩半空间的辐射阻尼,可导致平面P-SV波以大角度入射时自由场计算精度降低.本文提出一种精确模拟基岩半空间辐射阻尼的人工边界条件.由于基岩半空间中外行波是传播方向已知的平面P波和SV波,利用弹性介质的应力-位移本构关系建立了人工边界处应力与速度的阻抗边界条件;采用该人工边界条件替代黏性边界条件,改进了P-SV波斜入射时成层半空间自由场的时域算法.数值试验表明,与采用黏性边界条件的自由场算法相比,改进方法具有更高的计算精度,其计算结果与理论解吻合更好.