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41.
Tectonic inversion is a common phenomenon in island arc settings, especially in back‐arc basins. The reactivation of normal faults as thrusts, triggered by tectonic inversion, produces typical inversion fault‐related folds and thrusts in the hangingwall. These hangingwall inversion geometries are affected by two factors: the geometry of the underlying master fault and the angle of inclined simple shear relative to the regional dip of strata, in the case that the deformation is approximated by simple shear. This study employed numerical simulations to analyse the influence of the antithetic shear angle on the geometry of the hangingwall and displacement along the master fault. The simulation results reveal that a steeply inclined shear vector during extension produces a narrow, steep‐sided half‐graben, whereas a gently inclined shear produces a wide, open basin. After tectonic inversion, a tight anticline is formed under steeply inclined shear, whereas an open anticline is formed under gently inclined shear. Antithetic shear results in reduced total displacement along the master fault, and the greater the angle between the shear direction and the regional dip, the greater the displacement along the master fault. Because the deformation geometry of syn‐extension layers is affected by extension followed by contraction, a change in the shear angle during tectonic inversion produces a wide variety of deformation geometries. Comparison of the simulation results with the results of analogue modelling suggests that the shear angle decreases by 5° during the transition from extension to tectonic inversion and that such a change may be commonly observed in natural geological structures. These results highlight the benefits of numerical simulations, which can be used to readily examine a variety of constraining parameters and thereby lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of hangingwall deformation, avoiding erroneous estimates of the amount of fault displacement. 相似文献
42.
海底入射角对多波束反向散射强度的影响及其改正 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综合考虑测船姿态、声线弯曲和海底地形对入射角的影响,推导了计算多波束海底入射角的实用模型。根据Lambert法则,改正海底入射角对反向散射强度的影响。实例计算结果表明,所述模型能精确地计算波束在海底的入射角,有效地改正其对反向散射强度的影响。 相似文献
43.
赵楠 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(2):111-117
结合克拉玛依市科技博物馆工程,对超限倾斜结构设定性能设计目标,并针对性能目标提出抗震措施及抗震构造措施.考虑结构材料的非线性属性,采用静力非线性分析方法,分析倾斜框架-剪力墙结构在地震作用下的响应,尤其是结构在罕遇地震作用下的非线性动力特性.结果表明,结构在罕遇地震下也是安全可靠的,剪力墙尚处在弹性范围,未出现塑性铰,... 相似文献
44.
45.
洛宁程家沟-沙沟银多金属矿区矿床产状陡,矿体集中,钻探设计多为分支孔,钻孔中深、斜度大。如何要在保证效益的情况下确保钻孔质量成为关键技术。通过1550 m斜孔施工实例,介绍了矿区中深斜孔钻探工艺的选择及保证钻孔弯曲度的具体措施。 相似文献
46.
47.
库水位升降联合降雨作用下库岸边坡中的浸润线研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
库岸边坡中的地下水对其稳定性有重大影响,目前还没有统一的公式用来计算岸坡中的浸润线。为此,建立隔水底板呈缓倾角的均质岸坡模型,采用稳定渗流情况下的浸润线作为非稳定渗流的初始值,推导出库水位升降联合降雨作用下该模型中浸润线的近似解析解。利用Geo-Slope中的SEEP/W程序,对浸润线的近似解析解进行验证分析,结果表明,在不同库水位升降和降雨的组合条件下,由近似解析解确定的浸润线与数值模拟结果基本一致。对库水位升降联合降雨作用下赵树岭滑坡中的浸润线进行研究,利用实测浸润线验证了近似解析解的正确性,并预测了赵树岭滑坡在快速蓄水、快速蓄水+暴雨、快速泄水及快速泄水+暴雨4种工况下(库水位波动范围为145~175 m)浸润线的变化情况。最后,从解析解的适用条件出发剖析了近似解析解误差产生的原因,为应用浸润线解析解解决实际问题提供依据。 相似文献
48.
Wind tunnel experiments for ‘Raindrop Detachment and Wind-Driven Transport’ (RD–WDT) process were conducted under improved lateral jetting induced by wind velocities of 6.4, 10, and 12 m s− 1 at nozzle operating pressures of 75, 100, and 150 kPa. Wind-driven rainfalls were also incident on the windward and leeward slopes of 4° and 9° to have a broad variation in the angle of incidence. The objective of this experimental set-up was to distinguish the roles of both impact components of obliquely striking wind-driven raindrops on RD and wind on WDT. Raindrop impact components and reference horizontal wind were quantified by normal (Etz) and horizontal (Etx) kinetic energy fluxes and wind shear velocity (u), respectively, to physically model the process of RD–WDT. The results showed, at each level of u, differential sand transport rates by RD–WDT (qm(RD–WDT)) occurred depending on the magnitude of raindrop impact components, and qm(RD–WDT) increased as the relative contribution of Etz increased. Although Etx was more correlated with qm(RD–WDT) than Etz, the extreme increases in Etx at the expense of Etz brought about no increases but decreases in qm(RD–WDT). An RD–WDT model was built under the process of examining the discrete effects of Etz and Etx on RD together with u and resulted in a better coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.89) than only total kinetic energy (Et) did alone with u (R2 = 0.84). In this study, Etx was strongly related to u and not to Etz, which was the principal difference from the previous rainsplash studies, which relied on the compensatory lateral jet development by the compressive pressure build-up at the raindrop–soil interface. Including Etx in the RD–WDT model both separated the distinct role of each raindrop impact component in RD and improved the performance of u in WDT by better distinguishing its interaction with Etx, which was not explicitly separated in previous models of RD–WDT. 相似文献
49.
以矢量形式的折射、反射定律为基础 ,详细推导了角锥棱镜直角误差δ与分划板自准直双像间距t之间的关系 ,提出了基于斜入射法、利用自准直平行光管直接测量角锥棱镜直角误差的光电检测系统 ,并进行了测量精度的理论分析。 相似文献
50.
煤层的含气性及渗透性可以利用纵波AVO技术及基于各向异性理论的方位AVO技术进行研究.煤层气属于吸附气,储层厚度较薄,地震异常响应较弱,对地震资料的品质及其携带的信息量提出了更高的要求.本文对AVO与方位AVO反演理论的近似条件及模型试算结果进行了分析,提出了对地震纵波数据信噪比、入射角、偏移距分布及方位角分布等参数的要求:1.观测系统设计及野外采集时应保证地震波的有效入射角在0.~30.或更大范围内,偏移距应大中小均匀分布,避免过于集中或缺失.2.地震数据应有足够宽分布的方位角,煤层气地震勘探中应选择宽方位观测系统.3、地震资料信噪比应足够高. 相似文献