耕地资源富集区县域贫困格局及其影响机制 ——以黑龙江省兰西县为例

以耕地资源较为富集的贫困县兰西为例,采用空间统计方法分析县域贫困格局,剖析耕地利用对农村贫困格局的影响机制。研究发现：① 兰西县贫困发生率呈西北向东南梯度递减特征。② 贫困家庭收入来源单一,对耕地的依赖性较强。③ 耕地利用的各因子对贫困发生率在影响方向和影响程度上不同,且由于耕地资源差异形成了资源依赖机制和资源利用机制,进而影响贫困格局。④ 建议该类型区域加强土地整治,提高耕地的自然质量和生态价值;加大对农业投入强度,促进农业提档升级;调整农业生产关系,实现现代农业与贫困户的有机结合,确保农业可持续发展与贫困户增收、脱贫。     

不同雷诺数下倾斜圆柱绕流三维数值模拟研究

基于计算流体力学(CFD)开源代码OpenFOAM开展了不同雷诺数(Re=100、1500和3900)和倾斜角度(-60°≤α≤60°)工况下倾斜圆柱绕流流场的三维数值模拟,研究倾斜圆柱绕流的三维瞬时及时均尾流流场、流线拓扑、升阻力系数与旋涡脱落频率随雷诺数及倾斜角度变化的规律,探讨在顺流向及逆流向情况下独立性原则对倾斜圆柱绕流的适用性。研究结果表明:随着圆柱倾角的增大,倾斜圆柱尾流产生较为明显的轴向流,尾流旋涡脱落受到明显抑制,细碎旋涡逐渐消失,尾流宽度随之减小;随着雷诺数的增大,圆柱尾流涡管发生明显的变形,展向掺混使得大量细碎旋涡产生,呈现出明显的三维特性。在不同雷诺数下,阻力系数均值、升力系数均方根及无量纲涡脱频率在一定倾角范围内符合独立性原则。     

Study on Hydrodynamic Coefficients of Double Submerged Inclined Plates

Added mass and damping coefficients are very important in hydrodynamic analysis of naval structures. In this paper, a double submerged inclined plates with ‘/ \’ configuration is firstly considered. By use of the boundary element method (BEM) based on Green function with the wave term, the radiation problem of this special type structure is investigated. The added mass and damping coefficients due to different plate lengths and inclined angles are obtained. The results show that: the added mass and damping coefficients for sway are the largest. Heave is the most sensitive mode to inclined angles. The wave frequencies of the maximal added mass and damping coefficients for sway and roll are the same.     

花粉浓度等级划分探讨

随着环境气象服务的拓展,开展花粉预报的省市地区逐年增加,但花粉预报等级在国内尚无统一标准,影响服务效果。为了使花粉浓度预报客观化规范化,根据全国29个省市花粉调查数据,按华北、东北、华东等七大区域进行了花粉季节变化规律分析。利用天津市2001—2005年、武汉市1994—1995年花粉观测资料和同期花粉过敏患者病例,进行了花粉浓度与发病率的相关分析,依据不同种类植物花粉致敏性的强弱,分别按木本植物和草本植物进行了花粉浓度等级划分,共分为低、较低、中等、较高、高5个级别。结果表明花粉浓度与发病率等级有较好的一致性。虽然用花粉浓度的高低不能精确地表示发病率的高低,但基本可以表征花粉症的发病趋势。此等级标准在实际应用中既方便而且又非常有实际意义。     

A PLANE MODEL FOR THE STRESS FIELD AROUND AN INCLINED,CASED AND CEMENTED WELLBORE

In-plane and out-of-plane analyses for the stress field around an internally pressurized, cased, cemented and remotely loaded circular hole have been developed in this report. Taking into account the well-known solution for a pressurized circular hole in an infinite medium, we have effected appropriate complex potentials for the steel ring and the cement annulus, such that continuity of stresses and displacements is maintained along the steel/cement and cement/rock interfaces and prescribed pressure is imposed along the open hole. Results indicate that the plane of the maximum tangential stress may rotate 90°, between the steel/cement and the cement/rock interfaces. A quantitative justification for the occurrence of such a rotation is presented, by considering the hole, the steel and the cement layers as a single ‘equivalent’ inclusion, bonded on the rock matrix.     

Field stresses around an inclined shaft

In this study, the vertical overburden pressure in the vicinity of an inclined circular underground opening is defined by relation to the geometry of the medium. The stresses around the opening consisting of six components are induced by geostatic field stress. In this regard, the inclined circular opening i.e. shaft changes the original stress condition and an interrupted region develops beneath it. Three zones are defined on a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of shaft. The mathematical expressions of vertical overburden stresses at these three zones are established, respectively. The example given in appendix demonstrates the variation of radial and tangential stresses around the inclined shaft. It is seen that the stress distributions in the third zone, which includes the interrupted region, beneith the shaft display different configurations than that of those obtained by undisturbed field stresses. In the interrupted region the stresses around the shaft linearly grow up due to increasing overburden pressure by radial distance from the periphery of the shaft. At the boundary of interrupted region stresses jump to the original values induced by field stresses. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

急倾斜煤层采空区地面塌陷及其对输气管道危害的数值模拟

采空区引起的地面塌陷和裂隙评价是影响输气管道安全的技术难题之一,应用有限差分法对西北地区某输气管道下方采空区的变形与稳定性进行数值模拟,分析了采空区引起地面裂缝的原因,并对输气管道的安全性进行了量化评价。     

应用气象要素预测流行性乙型脑炎发病率四十年分析

讨论气象要素与流行性乙型脑炎发病率的关系。40年的数据分析表明,利用当年4月份的平均温度、上一年12月最高温度预测当年的流行性乙型脑炎发病率具有较高的准确性。     

高血压病发病率预报的人工神经网络方法研究

通过统计分析，选取影响银川地区高血压病发病率的主要气象因素，将其作为输入变量经多层前馈型神经网络的BP(Back Propagation)算法进行学习训练，建立了疾病发病率的人工神经网络(ANN，Artifical Neural Net)预报模型。结果表明：该方法计算简便、误差较小，为疾病发病率预报提供了一种新的预报方法。     

巫山望霞危岩应急勘查钻探施工方法

巫山望霞危岩加剧变形崩塌,严重威胁当地居民及长江航运的安全,引起重庆市人民政府及国土资源部的高度重视。危岩应急抢险勘查的钻探施工是查清危岩裂隙发育程度和延伸方向、获得岩土力学参数的重要手段。通过现场踏勘后进行难点预测并制订对策措施。采用金刚石单动双管钻进取心,成功采取了危岩基座软弱带样品;采用井中成像技术,直观地反映了危岩裂隙发育状态。在施工组织管理、设备选型、钻探工艺、井中成像技术以及安全措施等方面,为地质灾害的应急抢险勘查积累了经验。