库水位下降时隔水底板倾斜的层状岸坡中浸润线的解析解

库岸边坡中的地下水对其稳定性起决定作用,然而目前却没有统一的公式用来计算岸坡中的浸润线.为此,根据三峡库区广泛存在的隔水底板倾斜的层状非均质岸坡建立了基本模型,求得了稳定渗流和非稳定渗流两种情况下,库水位下降时岸坡中浸润线的解析解.同时,结合算例进行了分析,证明该方法在实际工程中具有指导意义.     

三角洲平原高弯曲分流河道内部结构单元三维建模

以大庆萨尔图油田北三区西部西块SⅡ12小层典型三角洲平原高弯曲分流河道为例,进行了三角洲平原高弯曲分流河道内部结构单元建模。首先根据高弯曲分流河道沉积层次性,以及河流弯曲机理,解剖了分流河道内部结构,识别出点坝以及侧积层单元,提取了侧积层形态参数和统计参数。其次采用椭球形方程建立了侧积层平面数学函数表达式,采用直线方程描述侧积层剖面形态,从而建立侧积层空间三维几何形态。最后,分两步建立了高弯度分流河道内部结构单元三维地质模型。首先采用序贯指示建模建立分流河道微相模型;随后根据侧积层数学模型描述侧积层空间分布。并在分流河道微相内部将侧积层模型嵌入,形成精细的高弯曲分流河道内部结构模型。以此思路为指导建立了SⅡ12小层结构模型,以此结构模型为基础的储层参数模型很好地再现了点坝内部侧积层对流体渗流的遮挡,为油藏数值模拟和剩余油挖潜奠定了基础。     

HDPE圆形升降式网箱下沉时最大倾角的研究

分析了1种HDPE双浮管圆形升降式网箱的沉降过程,并利用几何分析方法找出该升降式网箱沉降的最大倾角与网箱系统参数之间的关系,制作1个圆形升降式网箱模型,在静水池中进行沉降实验。试验过程中,通过水下摄像及图像处理软件找出网箱沉降时的最大倾角。模型网箱最大沉降倾角的理论计算值为22.77(°),实验观测值20.80(°),二者误差为9.4%,最大倾角的理论计算值和试验测量值基本吻合,说明理论计算方法是可行的。据此,计算出国内常用的周长40 m的HDPE双浮管圆形升降式网箱的最大沉降倾角为31.29(°)。并以周长40 m的双浮管HDPE圆形升降式网箱的尺度参数作为参考,分析该网箱浮绳框边长、沉降水深和网箱直径与网箱最大沉降倾角的关系,得出这三者与沉降倾角呈线性关系的结果,为HDPE双浮管圆形升降式网箱的设计及安全操作提供了理论依据。     

基于倾斜软弱地基的填方工程特性分析

基于有限元方法,以水平软弱地基为参考,对比分析了倾斜软弱地基上路堤分阶段填筑过程中的水平位移、竖向沉降、稳定性等参量的变化规律。分析表明：当地基倾斜时,水平位移沿倾斜面向下发展,并在下坡脚处取得最大值,这明显不同于地基水平情况下水平位移基本按中心轴对称分布的规律。倾斜软弱地基的破坏模式为沿地基倾斜方向向下滑裂破坏,其稳定性明显低于水平软弱地基。计算还表明,抗滑桩使地基体内水平位移增量大大减小,抗滑桩后方的水平位移增量急剧降低。抗滑桩约束了倾斜地基体内水平位移的发展,阻碍了路堤沿地基倾斜方向向下滑裂破坏的趋势,提高了路堤的稳定性,是一种加固倾斜软弱地基的有效方法。     

太平矿暗斜井充水水源分析

在综合分析太平煤矿井水文地质条件、出水点岩性特征的基础上,通过钻孔探放、水样化验资料的对比分析,认为该矿＋700水平胶带暗斜井的间接充水水源可能来自摩梭河;基于涌水点位置与出水量,以及瞬变电磁法确定的巷道前方富水区域情况,确定了采用浅层注浆法封堵的治水方案。     

Generalized poroelastic wellbore problem

This paper presents a novel analytical solution to the transient, z‐dependent, and asymmetric problem of an infinite wellbore drilled into a fluid‐saturated porous medium. The formulations are based on Biot's linear theory of poroelasticity, in which the dependency of poroelastic field variables to spatial coordinates as well as time domain is considered in the most general form. This gives flexibility to the solution in cases that cannot be analyzed using the conventional plane strain or symmetric models. One such case is when calculating the stress variations around an inclined wellbore where the far‐field stresses are acting over a finite vertical section. The results of our solution to this case with a three‐dimensional state of far‐field stress are used to analyze the stability of inclined wellbores passing through abnormally stressed formations. The presented solution is capable of finding expressions for fundamental solutions with stress or flow boundary conditions at the wellbore. These solutions are here adopted to analyze the pressure disturbances generated by multiprobe formation tester, a standard wireline device that is designed for downhole fluid sampling as well as estimating the directional permeabilities of subsurface earth formations. A comparison with the conventional solution for the relevant pressure diffusion equation indicates that the poroelastic effect is relatively significant in relation to the transient response of the pore pressure. Further, it is shown that the finite dimensions of sink probe would, to a great extent, contribute to the formation's pore pressure variations at its immediate proximity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Displacement and stress distributions under a uniform inclined rectangular load on a cross‐anisotropic geomaterial

In practical engineering, an applied rectangular area load is not often horizontally or vertically distributed but is frequently inclined at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes. Thus, the solutions of displacements and stresses due to such a load are essential to the design of foundations. This article yields the analytical solutions of displacements and stresses subjected to a uniform rectangular load that inclines with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes, resting on the surface of a cross‐anisotropic geomaterial. The planes of cross‐anisotropy are assumed to be parallel to the horizontal ground surface. The procedures to derive the solutions can be integrated the modified point load solutions, which are represented by several displacement and stresses elementary functions. Then, upon integrations, the displacement and stress integral functions resulting from a uniform inclined rectangular load for (1) the displacements at any depth, (2) the surface displacements, (3) the average displacements in a given layer, (4) the stresses at any depth, and (5) the average stresses in a given layer are yielded. The proposed solutions are clear and concise, and they can be employed to construct a series of calculation charts. In addition, the present solutions clarify the load inclinations, the dimensions of a loaded rectangle, and the analyzed depths, and the type and degree of geomaterial anisotropy profoundly affect the displacements and stresses in a cross‐anisotropic medium. Parametric results show that the load inclination factor should be considered when an inclined rectangular load uniformly distributed on the cross‐anisotropic material. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

急倾斜地层工程地质条件对矿井巷道安全的影响

总结论述了急倾斜地层中矿井水平巷道、倾斜巷道,在不同的岩层、煤层及煤层与岩层的组合条件下呈现出的非均衡性围岩压力、顶板的对角线侧压、后期冲击顶侧压、巷道差异性变形、倾斜顺穿层巷道的倒楔形塌洞等不利于安全的工程地质现象,对同类矿井的井巷施工和探索更好的井巷施工技术有一定的指导作用     

Of sand and mud: Sedimentological criteria for identifying the turbidity maximum zone in a tidally influenced river

The thickness and lateral distribution of sand and mud beds and bedsets on channel bars from the tidally influenced Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, are quantitatively assessed. Fifty‐six vibracores totalling ca 114 m of vertical section are used to tabulate bed thicknesses. Statistical calculations are undertaken for nine channel bars ranging from the freshwater and tidal zone, to the sustained brackish water and tidal zone. The data reveal that thickness trends can be organized into three groups that broadly correspond to time‐averaged hydrodynamic and salinity conditions in the various distributary channels. Thick sand beds (up to 30 cm) and thin mud beds (up to 5 cm) characterize the freshwater tidal zone. The tidal and freshwater to brackish‐water transition zone comprises thin sands (up to 10 cm) and thicker muds (up to 19 cm), and the sustained brackish water tidal zone consists of thin muds (up to 6 cm) with relatively thicker sands (up to 25 cm). The results suggest that the locus of mud deposition occurs in the tidal freshwater to brackish‐water zone, probably reflecting mud flocculation and deposition at the turbidity maximum. Landward of the turbidity maximum, mud deposition is linked to tidal influence (tidal backwater effect and reverse eddy currents on channel margins) as mud beds thin in the landward direction. These results support the hypothesis that mud deposition is greatest at the turbidity maximum and decreases in both the seaward and landward direction. This study also showcases that mud‐bed thicknesses are greatest towards the turbidity maximum and thin in both the landward and seaward direction. In the rock record, the apex of mud deposition probably marks the position of the palaeo‐turbidity maximum.     

大直径钢管斜桩全断面冲击成孔嵌岩桩的工程应用

通过大直径钢管斜桩全断面冲击成孔嵌岩桩在中奥能源集团舟山六横PX储运项目的应用,介绍了全断面斜桩嵌岩冲击成孔的工艺流程、冲击成孔常见事故处理,全断面斜桩嵌岩冲击成孔工艺在海域码头基础施工领域的成功运用说明其具有广阔的应用前景。