一种基于极值检测与自适应滤波的图像去噪算法

标准中值滤波及其一些改进算法对于被低密度脉冲噪声污染图像的处理可取得令人满意的效果,图像被严重污染时,这些算法得到的结果均不理想。针对这一缺陷,基于文献[1]提出的一种滤波算法进行改进。首先,利用极值法对图像进行检测,判断出噪声及非噪声点;其次,设置滤波模板的最小及最大尺寸,对噪声点进行窗口逐渐增大的滤波处理。计算机模拟实验结果及对SAR图像滤波结果表明:该滤波算法在噪声去除及边缘和图像细节保持上优于标准中值滤波及其一些改进算法。     

边疆少数民族地区高校《遥感基础与应用》课程教学的几点思考和体会

《遥感基础与应用》课程是土地资源管理专业的专业必修课,根据边疆少数民族地区高校学生的特点,按照因材施教的原则对汉族和民族学生区别教学,确定不同的教学内容和教材。采用启发-互动式、鼓励加分式教学,充分利用多媒体丰富课堂内容,尝试创新性实验教学,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。     

Influences of forest roads and their edge effects on the spatial pattern of burn severity

Previous research has shown that forest roads are an important feature in many landscapes and have significant effects on wildfire ignition and cessation. However, forest road effects on burn severity have not been studied at the landscape level. Therefore, the overarching goal of our study is to identify the influences of road edge effects on the spatial patterns of burn severity. We analyzed six fires within the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest on the eastern slope of the Cascades mountain range of central Washington.We generated two categories for assessing road variables: (1) Primary Road Effect Zone (area within 150 m of the nearest road) and (2) Secondary Road Effect Zone (area from 150 m to 300 m to the nearest road). A regular sampling grid including one out of every 9 cells was created for each fire.These grids were intersected with burn severity data in the form of the Relative Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR), road distance category, stream distance, elevation, slope, terrain shape index, heat load index, canopy cover, and fuel type. We fit spatial regression models with RdNBR as the dependent variable.We found that high burn severity is less likely to occur in the Primary Road Effect Zone for most fires, although one fire exhibited the opposite relationship. Forest road edge effects were hypothesized to be an important determinant of burn severity because fragmentation created by roads alters the roadside fuel profile and environment and because road corridors create barriers to fire spread. Recognizing roadside effects on burn severity patterns highlights the need for further study of the range of effects that roads have on fuels and the fire environment and the potential for incorporating road effects into landscape-level assessments of fire risk.     

宽观测带SAR图像入射角效应量化研究与校正

针对宽观测带SAR图像,在对入射角效应量化研究的基础上,提出了一种入射角效应按类校正方法。利用分水岭分割和区域标记技术实现地物取样,基于结合线性回归估计的余弦朗伯定律,实现对地物后向散射值的按类辐射校正。针对Envisat ASAR C波段HH极化数据的实验结果表明,入射角效应对雷达后向散射有明显的影响,含水量越高的地物类型,入射角效应越明显。利用本文方法进行入射角效应校正的效果优于绝对定标和一阶余弦校正的效果。     

Correcting superconducting gravity time-series using rainfall modelling at the Vienna and Membach stations and application to Earth tide analysis

We demonstrate the possibility to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of superconducting gravity time-series by correcting for local hydrological effects. Short-term atmospheric events associated with heavy rain induce step-like gravity signals that deteriorate the frequency spectrum estimates. Based on 4D modeling constrained by high temporal resolution rain gauge data, rainfall admittances for the Vienna and Membach superconducting gravity stations are calculated. This allows routine correction for Newtonian rain water effects, which reduces the standard deviation of residuals after tidal parameter adjustment by 10%. It also improves the correction of steps of instrumental origin when they coincide with step-like water mass signals.     

海洋测深中的船移效应研究

海洋测深大多是在移动的测量船上进行的,测量船的移动则不可避免地产生船移效应,因而船移效应是影响海洋测深精度的因素之一。在系统推证海洋测深中的船移效应模型基础上,对几种典型船速、水深、海底坡度和波束角情形下的船移效应进行了数值计算,研究了船移效应的影响规律和量级,揭示了船移效应的非对称性影响。根据海洋测深的IHO最低标准要求,提出了采用窄波束和限制船速的降低测深船移效应影响的有效方法。     

Illumination effects on the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio's optimality for assessing fire severity

The influence of illumination effects on the optimality of the dNBR (differenced Normalized Burn Ratio) was evaluated for the case of the 2007 Peloponnese (Greece) wildfires using a pre/post-fire Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) image couple. Well-illuminated pixels (south and south-east facing slopes) exhibited more optimal displacements in the bi-spectral feature space than more shaded pixels (north and north-west exposed slopes). Moreover, pixels experiencing a small image-to-image difference in illumination obtained a higher optimality than pixels with a relatively large difference in illumination. To correct for illumination effects, the c-correction method and a modified c-correction technique were applied. The resulting median dNBR optimality of uncorrected, c-corrected and modified c-correction data was respectively 0.58, 0.60 and 0.71 (differences significant for p < 0.001). The original c-correction method improved the optimality of badly illuminated pixels while deteriorating the optimality of well-illuminated pixels. In contrast, the modified c-correction technique improved the optimality of all the pixels while retaining the prime characteristic of topographic correction techniques, i.e. detrending the illumination–reflectance relationship. For a minority of the data, for shaded pixels and/or pixels with a high image-to-image difference in illumination, the original c-correction outperformed the modified c-correction technique. In this study conducted in rugged terrain and with a bi-temporal image acquisition scheme that deviated up to two months from the ideal anniversary date scheme the modified c-correction technique resulted in a more reliable change detection.     

武汉中心城区热岛效应模拟

针对传统的模拟热环境时空演变模型欠缺可推广性,该文提出运用CA-Markov模型研究热环境变化趋势,既能有效模拟元胞时空格局变化,又能提高元胞转化预测精度,经验证Kappa指数为73.46%,具有较高的可信度。基于CA-Markov模型模拟的武汉中心城区热环境表明:2009—2018年低温区和次低温区呈现减少趋势,中温区显著增加,热岛略有增长,总体强度增大,热岛效应愈发明显;2009—2018年热岛演变呈西南-东北方向,有向西-东方向发展的趋势,热岛重心南偏西方向移动;2009—2018年热岛区域在景观水平上破碎度较高,热环境趋于复杂化。研究结果对武汉中心城区城市规划、生态环境改善等具有一定的参考价值。     

高分辨率机载SAR影像判读实验

近年来机载SAR系统在国内得到快速发展。由于SAR系统具有不同于光学传感器的成像机理,因而可以提供全新的数据获取手段和不同的地物信息。利用高分辨率机载SAR影像进行解译时必须熟悉其成像机理和图像信息特点,充分了解SAR图像解译标志的特点和各类地物的解译规律。本文以高分辨率机载SAR数据为基础,对比光学影像,从SAR成像特点和地物散射特性出发,对SAR影像进行了目视解译,分析了SAR影像在地形地物要素识别中的应用潜力。     

起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响

附合导线是工程测量中最常见的布网形式.结合附合导线平差过程,文中用真误差分析方法推导了起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响公式;通过分析与数据计算,得到了起始方位角误差对平差后导线点坐标和导线边方位角的影响规律;并与测角误差影响进行比较,得出了起始方位角误差影响可忽略的条件,对导线测量的理论研究与生产实践具有参考意义.