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41.
42.
地下管线普查产品的检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着城市地下管线在城市管理、规划及建设发展过程中重要性的逐渐体现,越来越多的城市开展了地下管线普查,但其质量检验与质量评定方法却相对滞后,本文结合实例阐述了地下管线普查产品的检验及质量评定方法,供大家参考。 相似文献
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44.
深海水下机器人主要用于深远海地质、矿物资源和生物调查研究,以及海洋石油工程服务等水下综合作业,能够实现深海近底高精度、长时间的定点取样作业及其他精细化调查。结合国内外深海ROV装备和技术发展现状,以新研发的6 000 m级"海龙Ⅲ"号ROV搭载"大洋一号"船执行的2018年南海综合海试和48航次为例,从深海试验流程和方法、浅水区功能测试、深水区功能测试、深海观测及取样功能测试等方面,详细阐述了ROV海上试验和应用作业过程,对作业水深、功率配置、水下运动能力、搭载能力等关键性能指标进行了试验验证。海上功能测试和试验性应用结果表明,"海龙Ⅲ"ROV各项性能指标满足设计要求,验证了系统在不同深度、不同地形条件下的观测取样作业能力,创新了深水ROV作业方法手段,分析得出此类装备目前在国内发展存在的不足之处,并结合实际应用提出后期改进计划,以期为深海ROV的海试应用提供技术参考。 相似文献
45.
Conservation and management of coastal lagoons envisage direct human intervention. To prevent siltation and to preserve the hydrodynamics features of the lagoon system, the inner channels undergo regular maintenance dredging. 相似文献
46.
Massimo Ponti Andrea PasterisRoberta Guerra Marco Abbiati 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Coastal lagoons are ephemeral habitats whose conservation requires human intervention, such as maintenance dredging of inner channels. Dredging can reduce the abundance of benthic species due to the removal of individuals with the sediment, modify sediment properties, and resuspend fine sediment, nutrients and pollutants, which can lead to eutrophication, hypoxic events and increasing toxicity. Both direct effects in the dredged channel and possible indirect effects in surrounding shallow areas could be expected. This study assesses the effects of the channel maintenance dredging, performed between October 2004 and August 2005, on the invertebrate assemblages both in channels and adjacent ponds in the northern Adriatic coastal lagoon of Pialassa Baiona. The lagoon is affected by eutrophication, chemical and thermal pollution from wastewater treatment and power plants. Three impacted sites were located in the dredged channel and three in the adjacent interconnected shallow water ponds, while three non-impacted sites were located in a channel and in a pond far from the dredged area. Replicate samples were collected from each site one time before and one time after the dredging operations. Despite the extent of the intervention, effects of the dredging on macrobenthic assemblages were detected only within the dredged channel, while in the surrounding ponds no clear and unequivocal effects were found. In particular the dredging could have promoted the increase of the abundance of the polychaete Streblospio shrubsolii in the southern and central parts of the dredged channel and the increase in abundance of the amphipod Corophium insidiosum in the northern side, compared to the controls. Instead, species diversity was reduced in the central and northern parts of the dredged channel. These effects on the macrobenthic invertebrate assemblages could be related to the observed changes of sediment characteristics, contamination and toxicity. Overall, direct effects on benthic assemblages in the dredged channels were more detectable than the possible secondary effects in the surrounding shallow ponds, where the higher spatial heterogeneity can mask any relevant effects. 相似文献
47.
电缆地层测试是求取储层流体性质、进行储层评价最为直接的方法之一。地层测试评价仪(FET)是国产新一代地层测试评价仪器,不仅可以精确测量地层压力并根据压力剖面确定地层流体类型和油气水界面,而且在目的层取样时可以抽排污染流体、实时检测地层流体特性,对确定地层流体性质和分析流体成分起到了重要作用,同时它也可以计算地层渗透率,进行储层产能预测。通过在渤海油田的成功应用,简单介绍FET的基本工作原理和主要用途,重点论述其优越性和局限性,以及在渤海油田成功应用的典型实例,这对FET在其它油田的推广应用具有参考意义。 相似文献
48.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2)
Abstract The objective of this study is to find the appropriate number and location of raingauges for a river basin for flow simulation by using statistical analyses and hydrological modelling. First, a statistical method is used to identify the appropriate number of raingauges. Herein the effect of the number of raingauges on the cross-correlation coefficient between areally averaged rainfall and discharge is investigated. Second, a lumped HBV model is used to investigate the effect of the number of raingauges on hydrological modelling performance. The Qingjiang River basin with 26 raingauges in China is used for a case study. The results show that both cross-correlation coefficient and modelling performance increase hyperbolically, and level off after five raingauges (therefore identified to be the appropriate number of rain-gauges) for this basin. The geographical locations of raingauges which give the best and worst hydrological modelling performance are identified, which shows that there is a strong dependence on the local geographical and climatic patterns. 相似文献
49.
An empirical approach to estimating population parameters from censored fracture-length distributions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pascal de Caprariis 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(7):803-814
Most fracture data sets are length-censored because of incomplete exposure at the surface, so estimating values of parameters of the sampled populations is difficult. Unless the form of the distribution function of the population is known, or one which is analytically tractable is assumed, length-censoring presents formidable problems in determining population parameters. Tests conducted on experimental fracture patterns developed in clay samples subjected to simple shear loading are the basis of a distribution-free way to estimate population parameters. Comparison of random samples of censored and uncensored fracture lengths shows that a useful, homogeneous data set consists of those cracks which lie entirely within the sampling area (two-ended cracks). The properties of this data set can be used to estimate the mean and variance of uncensored data. Estimates of the maximum fracture length of uncensored data, using the variance and maximum length of these two-ended cracks, show good agreement with measured values. Knowledge of the mean, variance, and maximum value of fracture-length populations are of interest in engineering and hydraulic studies, as well as in remote sensing studies of the Earth and other planets. Application of these results to data on rock masses are subject to the caveat that different crack-growth mechanisms in clay and rock may affect the accuracy of the calculations. 相似文献
50.
Ronald G. Prinn 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1988,6(3):281-298
An examination of typical tropospheric ozone variability on daily, monthly, annual and interannual timescales and instrumental precision indicates that the current ozonesonde network is insufficient to detect a trend in tropospheric ozone of 1% per year at the 2 level even at stations with records a decade in length. From a trend prediction analysis we conclude that in order to detect a 1% per year trend in a decade or less it will be necessary to decrease the time between observations from its present value of 3–7 days to 1 day or less. The spatial distribution of the current ozonesonde stations is also inadequate for determining the global climatology of ozone. We present a quantitative theory taking into account photochemistry, surface deposition, and wind climatology to define the effectively sampled region for an observing station which, used in conjunction with the instrumental precision and the above prediction analysis, forms the basis for defining a suitable global network for determining regional and global ozone climatology and trends. At least a doubling of the present number of stations is necessary, and the oceans, most of Asia, Africa, and South America are areas where more stations are most needed. Differential absorption lidar ozone instruments have the potential for far more frequent measurements of ozone vertical profiles and hence potentially more accurate climatology and trend determinations than feasible with ozonesondes but may produce a (fair weather) biased data set above the cloud base. A strategy for cloudy regions in which either each station utilizes both lidars and sondes or each station is in fact a doublet comprised of a near-sea-level lidar and a proximal-mountain-top lidar could serve to minimize this bias. 相似文献