全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3228篇 |
免费 | 600篇 |
国内免费 | 879篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 427篇 |
大气科学 | 331篇 |
地球物理 | 956篇 |
地质学 | 1536篇 |
海洋学 | 649篇 |
天文学 | 87篇 |
综合类 | 290篇 |
自然地理 | 431篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 31篇 |
2023年 | 67篇 |
2022年 | 148篇 |
2021年 | 175篇 |
2020年 | 181篇 |
2019年 | 224篇 |
2018年 | 190篇 |
2017年 | 196篇 |
2016年 | 194篇 |
2015年 | 212篇 |
2014年 | 229篇 |
2013年 | 262篇 |
2012年 | 203篇 |
2011年 | 221篇 |
2010年 | 193篇 |
2009年 | 247篇 |
2008年 | 199篇 |
2007年 | 215篇 |
2006年 | 206篇 |
2005年 | 145篇 |
2004年 | 137篇 |
2003年 | 107篇 |
2002年 | 106篇 |
2001年 | 86篇 |
2000年 | 106篇 |
1999年 | 64篇 |
1998年 | 48篇 |
1997年 | 52篇 |
1996年 | 54篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4707条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
871.
This paper presents a unified modeling framework to investigate the impacts of debris flow on flexible barriers, based on coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM). We consider a debris flow as a mixture of fluid and particles where the fluid and particle phases are modeled by the CFD and the DEM, respectively. The fluid‐particle coupling is considered by the exchange of interaction forces between CFD and DEM calculations. The flexible barrier is simulated by the DEM as a network of bonded particles with remote interactions. The proposed coupled CFD‐DEM approach enables us to conveniently handle the complicated three‐way interactions among the fluid, the particles, and the flexible barrier structure for debris flow impact simulations. The proposed approach is first used to investigate the influences of channel inclination and the volumetric solid fraction in a debris mixture on the impact force, the resultant deformation, and the retained mass in a flexible barrier. The predictions agree well with existing experimental and numerical studies. We further examine the possible failure modes of a flexible barrier under debris flow impact and their underlying mechanisms. The performance of different components in a flexible barrier system, including single wires, double twists and cables, and their load sharing mechanisms, are carefully evaluated. The proposed unified framework offers a novel, promising pathway towards physically based, quantitative analysis and design of flexible barriers for debris flow mitigation. 相似文献
872.
The present study addresses a layout design of rockbolts for reinforcing natural ground structures applying a special optimization method, called multiphase layout optimization. Rockbolts are used to tighten loosed natural ground, and the layout of rockbolts are determined without sufficient information about the physical properties of the ground materials. Because of this uncertainty, unexpected deformation often occurs at the excavation surface of natural ground. In that case, it is requested to determine an effective layout of the additional rockbolts promptly with respect to the actual deformation at the construction site. However, it is not easy to determine the optimal layout because of its complexity, and consequently, it has no choice but to determine the layout in an empirical way. This study introduces a numerical approach to determine an optimal layout of rockbolts with respect to arbitrarily possible deformation of natural ground. The objective is to maximize the stiffness of the overall ground structure reinforced with rockbolts. For optimization, a gradient‐based optimization scheme is applied because of its numerical efficiency. It was verified from a series of numerical examples that this method has great potential to improve the stiffness of the overall ground structure and shows a certain applicability to a practical design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
873.
Ha H. Bui Jayantha K. Kodikara Abdelmalek Bouazza Asadul Haque Pathegama G. Ranjith 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(13):1321-1340
Segmental retaining wall (SRW) systems are commonly used in geotechnical practice to stabilize cut and fill slopes. Because of their flexibility, these systems can tolerate minor movements and settlements without incurring damage or crack. Despite these advantages, very few numerical studies of large deformations and post‐failure behavior of SRW systems are found in the current literature. Traditional numerical methods, such as the finite element method, suffer from mesh entanglement, thus are unable to simulate large deformations and flexible behavior of retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. To overcome the above limitations, a novel computational framework based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was developed to simulate large deformations and post‐failure behavior of soils and retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. The proposed numerical framework is a hybrid continuum/discontinuum approach that can model soil as an elasto‐plastic material and retaining wall blocks as independent rigid bodies associated with both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. A new contact model is proposed within the SPH framework to simulate the interaction between the soil and the blocks and between the blocks. As an application of the proposed numerical method, a two‐dimensional simulation of an SRW collapse was simulated and compared to experimental results conducted under the same conditions. The results showed that the proposed computational approach provided satisfactory agreement with the experiment. This suggests that the new framework is a promising numerical approach to model SRW systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
874.
A coupled 3‐dimensional bonded discrete element and lattice Boltzmann method for fluid‐solid coupling in cohesive geomaterials 下载免费PDF全文
This paper presents a 3D bonded discrete element and lattice Boltzmann method for resolving the fluid‐solid interaction involving complicated fluid‐particle coupling in geomaterials. In the coupled technique, the solid material is treated as an assembly of bonded and/or granular particles. A bond model accounting for strain softening in normal contact is incorporated into the discrete element method to simulate the mechanical behaviour of geomaterials, whilst the fluid flow is solved by the lattice Boltzmann method based on kinetic theory and statistical mechanics. To provide a bridge between theory and application, a 3D algorithm of immersed moving boundary scheme was proposed for resolving fluid‐particle interaction. To demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of this coupled method, a benchmark called quicksand, in which particles become fluidised under the driving of upward fluid flow, is first carried out. The critical hydraulic gradient obtained from the numerical results matches the theoretical value. Then, numerical investigation of the performance of granular filters generated according to the well‐acknowledged design criteria is given. It is found that the proposed 3D technique is promising, and the instantaneous migration of the protected soils can be readily observed. Numerical results prove that the filters which comply with the design criteria can effectively alleviate or eliminate the appearance of particle erosion in dams. 相似文献
875.
Sun Xiuqin Wang Wenxin Shao Jijun Zhang Jinxin Lu Ying Xue Qinggang Song Qinyun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(3):245-248
This paper describes a rapid procedure for diagnosis of penaeid viral disease using the immune serological method. The SPA
(Staphylococcal Protein A) coagglutination test in early diagnosis of penaeid viral disease has yielded satisfactory results.
This is the first time SPA is used in China for diagnoses of viral diseases of marine invertebrates, especially penaeid shrimp.
The SPA early diagnostic method is characterized by accuracy, rapidity, simplicity and convenience, low cost, high specificity,
strong sensitivity and micro-detectability, and easy dissemination and adaptability in prawn farms. 相似文献
876.
877.
WUKai-ya HUShu-heng SUNShi-qun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(1):29-33
1INTRODUCTIONAs the basis of the human existence and sustainable de-velopment, the ecological security has become a prob-lem increasingly inviting the attention of the whole so-cietyand the government. Ecological security pre-warn-ing is a kind of early i… 相似文献
878.
Data from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on Ulysses and synoptic maps from Kitt Peak are used to analyze the polar coronal holes of solar activity cycles 22 and 23 (from 1990 to end of 2003). In the beginning of the declining phase of solar cycles 22 and 23, the north polar coronal holes (PCHs) appear about one year earlier than the ones in the south polar region. The solar wind velocity and the solar wind ionic charge composition exhibit a characteristic dependence on the solar wind source position within a PCH. From the center toward the boundary of a young PCH, the solar wind velocity decreases, coinciding with a shift of the ionic charge composition toward higher charge states. However, for an old PCH, the ionic charge composition does not show any obvious change, although the latitude evolution of the velocity is similar to that of a young PCH. 相似文献
879.
伍良海 《广东海洋大学学报》1991,(1)
本设计采用混合罚函数法对10级活塞加工机床主轴箱进行优化设计。优化目标为展开图上总的中心距为最小。在IBM-PC机上运算10分钟得最优解,最优解值比常规设计值小17%。本文对机床主轴箱的优化方向作初步探讨。 相似文献
880.