砂岩储层自生伊利石40Ar-39Ar定年技术及油气成藏年龄探讨

油气成藏年龄是石油地质学和同位素年代学共同面临的科学难题之一。本文探讨砂岩储层自生伊利石40Ar-39Ar阶段加热技术获得油气成藏年龄的可能性。样品采自南海珠江口盆地第三纪珠海组砂岩储层,采用冷冻加热循环技术缓慢碎裂样品,以减少碎屑长石混入量。释出气体首先经过专门研制的纯化装置,有效地除弃有机杂质气体,然后经过2个NP10Zr/Al泵进一步纯化。06ZJ26I伊利石40Ar-39Ar激光阶段加热分析获得了阶梯状上升的年龄谱。开始3个最低激光能量阶段加权平均年龄(12.1±2.2)Ma(2σ)解释为自生伊利石的最小年龄,可能代表了油气成藏的最大年龄;而较高激光能量阶段坪年龄(98.0±0.9)Ma则代表了砂岩中陆源碎屑长石的年龄。与传统K-Ar法相比,40Ar-39Ar法可以揭示伊利石样品更多的年代学信息。     

基于伊利石结晶度的大型深层滑坡活动模式分析

滑坡是岩土之间的剪切摩擦过程。滑体与滑带摩擦生热导致滑带内温度升高,被广泛认为是大型深层滑坡高速活动的主要特征之一。伊利石是粘土矿物中对温度最敏感的矿物。本文借鉴低温变质岩、活断层等领域的研究方法,采用国际上最常用的伊利石结晶度Kübler指数,对比分析了三峡库区黄土坡滑坡、滩坪滑坡和泄滩滑坡3个大型深层老滑坡滑带及其周围岩土内伊利石结晶度指数的变化特征,探讨了这些滑坡的活动模式。根据滑带内伊利石结晶度与周围岩土的相对差异判断,黄土坡滑坡临江I#崩滑体、滩坪碎石土滑坡、泄滩滑坡活动均以缓慢蠕滑为主要方式,黄土坡滑坡临江II#崩滑体可能经历过速度较快的滑移过程。     

川北阿坝地区三叠系粘土矿物特征及地质意义

分析了川北阿坝地区三叠系泥质岩的岩石矿物组合、粘土矿物类型、伊利石结晶度和镜质体反射率特征,并以此划分成岩演化阶段及变质程度。以成岩作用—极低级变质作用的研究方法,明确了阿坝地区成岩作用及极低级变质作用的上、下界限及区域分布规律:以唐克为中心的地区处于成岩作用晚期阶段,成岩作用温度200～212℃,伊利石结晶度IC≥0.42;周围地区处于极低级变质作用阶段,成岩作用温度212～222℃,伊利石结晶度ICRo)也具有同样的演化规律。对该地区域上成岩演化的差异及原因作如下解释:由于构造活动的远近程效应存在差异,该地区的周缘明显受到构造作用的影响,因叠加动力变质而达到极低级变质作用阶段;唐克位于阿坝地块中心,受构造作用的影响相对较小,因而处于成岩作用晚期阶段。     

近红外分析提取蚀变信息及其找矿实践--以甘肃岗岔金矿为例

甘肃岗岔金矿位于秦岭造山带西段北侧之夏河—礼县成矿带西段,属构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿床,目前探明储量已达中型。采用近红外矿物分析技术对矿区蚀变特征的研究结果表明,从远矿到近矿(矿体)存在3个明显特征:①远矿蚀变矿物组合主要为高岭石+地开石+蒙脱石±伊利石,近矿蚀变矿物组合主要为白云母+伊利石±次生石英;②1400 nm 结晶水特征吸收峰、1910 nm 吸附水特征吸收峰和2200 nm Al-OH 特征吸收峰均表现出由远矿至近矿峰型变浅的趋势;③普遍存在的蚀变矿物伊利石,在近矿位置其结晶度高,远矿位置结晶度低。上述分带特征对于进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

末次间冰期以来黄土中伊利石结晶度的变化与古环境

对环县、长武和渭南3个剖面末次间冰期以来黄土-古土壤样品进行了粘粒（0和S1的KI值自西北向东南呈现逐渐增加趋势,而黄土L1层仅在最南部的渭南剖面呈现较高的值,环县和长武剖面差异不大,均呈现较低的值。综合分析影响黄土KI值变化的各个因素后,认为风化成壤作用可能是影响黄土-古土壤伊利石结晶度指标变化的主要因素,可以作为东亚夏季风环流强度演化的指标。     

Porosity preservation due to grain coating illite/smectite: Evidence from Buchan Formation (Upper Devonian) of the Ardmore Field,UK North Sea

The Buchan Formation sandstone reservoirs from the Ardmore Field in the UK Central North Sea are fluvial-aeolian deposits and provide examples of porosity preservation in deeply-buried reservoirs (2.7–3.2?km) caused by grain-coating illite/smectite (I/S). Here, high reservoir quality commonly correlates with the occurrence of grain-coating I/S and consequent inhibition of quartz cementation in the aeolian dune and interdune sandstones. Porosity is lower in fluvial sandstones lacking grain coating I/S but with intense quartz overgrowths. We propose that the presence of I/S reflects concentration of the smectitic-rich clay bearing water which would have been the deposits of the interdune and/or distal sector of fluvial distributary system, and were introduced into aeolian deposits by mechanical infiltration. Petrographic relationships indicate that these coatings grew mainly before the mechanical compaction as the clays occur at grain contacts. The use of empirical model suggested that about 6–7% porosity have been preserved. The burial-thermal history of the Ardmore area contributed to the high quality reservoir because throughout much of the time since deposition, the Devonian sandstones have been little buried. Only from the Palaeogene the reservoir temperatures exceeded about 70?°C and rapidly buried to today’s maximum depth, which have minimized the negative effect generally ascribed to smectitic clays on reservoir quality. The circumstances of porosity preservation shown in this study may be unusual, but nonetheless have profound consequences for exploration. It is possible to identify new Buchan Formation prospects in areas hitherto dismissed because they were generally assumed to be poor reservoir.     

伊利石结晶度Kübler指数的校正与近变质带的确定

就像用"砝码"标定"称"来测量物质质量一样,伊利石结晶度的测量也需要这样的"砝码"标定它的测量工具——衍射仪,从而能够进行伊利石结晶度的测量和对比。这个砝码就是伊利石结晶度标样或称伊利石结晶度国际标样。第2届Kübler-Frey国际研讨会伊利石结晶度圆桌会议就伊利石结晶度标样和近变质带的确定的问题进行了深入的讨论。会议一致认为,用伊利石结晶度标样校正X射线衍射仪是极为重要和必要的,没有进行标样校正的伊利石结晶度数据将被拒绝发表,经过伊利石结晶度国际标样校正后的伊利石结晶度数据才可用于近变质带的划分和国际对比。本文就伊利石结晶度测量的有关衍射仪类型与差别,衍射仪系统,测量条件,样品的影响和国际标样对仪器的校正等问题进行了分析研究。结果表明不同型号仪器,同型号仪器不同测量条件与状态,样品的不同制备方法都将影响伊利石结晶度Kübler指数的测量。指出只有使用国际标样才可校正测量的伊利石结晶度Kübler指数,从而达到消除偏差准确划分近变质带的标准和进行国际对比的目的。     

Illite Crystallinity Mapping of Very Low Grade Metamorphism of Triassic Metapelites in the Zoigê Area, Western China

X-ray diffraction methods for estimating the metamorphic grade of diagenetic, anchizone and epizone in metapelites are reviewed and applied to samples from a 7000?m+ borehole in western China and surface samples from the surrounding Zoigê area. Kübler’s illite crystallinity (IC) measurements provide more consistent results than calculated values of percentage of illite in the I/S mixed layers and percentage of I/S mixed layers. Down-borehole IC values display a typical burial metamorphic relationship between stratigraphic level and IC. A method for preparing very low grade metamorphic maps is described, and isograds plotted on a regional geological map at selected values of IC, delineating a high temperature diagenetic zone, an anchizone, and an epizone. The map shows that IC values are controlled by stratigraphic level in the north of the study area (i.e. burial metamorphism), and proximity to an igneous intrusive body in the south (i.e. contact metamorphism).     

Erratum

The Monts de Lacaune belong to the south-eastern (external) part of the French Massif Central. They constitute the lowermost unit in the Albigeois Nappe Pile, which is juxtaposed to the S against the gneiss dome (“Zone Axiale”) of the Montagne Noire. The Monts de Lacaune are composed of Cambrian to Silurian sediments, which show very low-grade metamorphic conditions. A multi-method investigation of phyllosilicates (illite and chlorite crystallinity, b cell dimension, K-Ar dating of fine fractions and electron microprobe analysis) permits to distinguish three metamorphic events: M1 (acquired during early folding and nappe stacking, 342-333 Ma), M2 (caused by the rise of the hot Zone Axiale) and M3 (probably caused by post-Variscan intrusions, Permian). The age range obtained for the nappe stacking is intermediate between deformation ages dated in the northern part of the Albigeois Nappe Pile and in the Southern Palaeozoic Nappes (southern Montagne Noire). This conforms to the classical concept of S-ward propagating tectonic accretion in the French Massif Central with a rate of shortening of c. 1.5 cm/year.     

X射线衍射和红外光谱法分析高岭石结晶度

用X射线衍射和红外光谱法研究了浙江临安纤岭一带高岭石样品（A,B,C,D四个样品）的结晶度,并考察两种方法分析结果的相关性.分析结果表明B样品的Hinckley指数为1.28、红外结晶指数为1.57,结晶度最好.两种方法相关性较好,均可用来分析高岭石结晶度.