矿物共生分析在很低级变质作用研究中的应用——以松潘—阿坝地区红参1井为例

自1967年Kübler用X射线衍射(XRD)法测量伊利石结晶度以划分极低级变质带以来,伊利石结晶度一直是划分极低级变质带的主要指标。但是不同的人用伊利石结晶度Kübler指数划分变质级的方案不同。因此,尚需要结合岩石学分析方法判定变质级。作为一种尝试,对川西北松潘—阿坝地区红参1井5975m深度内的变泥质岩进行了矿物共生分析。结果表明,钻遇地层遭受了高级近变质作用,只是由于岩石化学成分原因,未能出现泥质岩近变质指示矿物黑硬绿泥石,并未达到浅变质级别,不至于破坏油气的保存。Kisch(1990)提出的变质级划分方案比较符合研究区的实际情况。在极低级变质研究中应用矿物共生分析,一方面可以解决类似的结晶度研究的分歧,另一方面对于指导薄片观察以及X衍射物相分析十分有益。     

高岭石等粘土矿物对五氯苯酚的吸附及其与矿物表面化合态关系

高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石三种粘土矿物对五氯苯酚的吸附实验研究表明,其pH等温线为峰型曲线,三种矿物在pH<3时基本不吸附,在pH≈5或6时有一吸附峰,此后在pH≈6.5或7时有一低值,当pH>7时,高岭石和蒙脱石两矿物吸附量又表现出上升趋势。三种矿物表面位的化合态分析证明,吸附属于表面络合型,其峰型特征起因于矿物表面两种羟基位的化合态浓度和五氯苯酚的离子态浓度均随溶液pH变化而变化。     

油气成藏^40Ar-^39Ar定年难题与可行性分析

油气成藏作用伴生的矿物种类少,主要为碳酸盐矿物,以及少量石英和黄铁矿等,这些矿物均不适合用传统同位素年代学方法进行年龄测定,因此,油气成藏年龄是同位素年代学尚未解决的一大科学难题。^40Ar-^39Ar（K-Ar）法是可能应用于油气成藏年龄测定的首选同位素定年方法。从^40Ar-^39Ar法的优点和实验技术的角度,讨论了油气田样品^40Ar-^39Ar定年面临的主要技术难题、测定对象、测定方法和可行性。有机杂质气体纯化装置的研制成功,为开展油气成藏^40Ar-^39Ar年代学研究,并获得可靠的同位素年龄数据奠定了实验技术基础。     

Variations in Chemical Composition of Clay Minerals and Magnetic Susceptibility of Hydrothermally Altered Rocks in the Hishikari Epithermal Gold Deposit, SW Kyushu, Japan

Hydrothermal alteration, involving chiefly chlorite and illite, is extensively distributed within host rocks of the Pleistocene Hishikari Lower Andesites (HLA) and the Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup (SSG) in the underground mining area of the Hishikari epithermal gold deposit, Kagoshima, Japan. Approximately 60% of the mineable auriferous quartz‐adularia veins in the Honko vein system occur in sedimentary rocks of the SSG, whereas all the veins of the Yamada vein system occur in volcanic rocks of the HLA. Variations in the abundance and chemical composition of hydrothermal minerals and magnetic susceptibility of the hydrothermally altered rocks of the HLA and SSG were analyzed. In volcanic rocks of the HLA, hydrothermal minerals such as quartz, chlorite, adularia, illite, and pyrite replaced primary minerals. The amount of hydrothermal minerals in the volcanic rocks including chlorite, adularia, illite, and pyrite as well as the altered and/or replaced pyroxenes and plagioclase phenocrysts increases toward the veins in the Honko vein system. The vein‐centered variation in mineral assemblage is pronounced within up to 25 m from the veins in the peripheral area of the Honko vein system, whereas it is not as apparent in the Yamada vein system. The hydrothermal minerals in sandstone of the SSG occur mainly as seams less than a few millimeters thick and are sporadically observed in halos along the veins and/or the seams. The alteration halos in sandstone of the SSG are restricted to within 1 m of the veins. In the peripheral area of the Honko vein system, chlorite in volcanic rocks is characterized by increasing in Al in its tetrahedral layer and the Fe/Fe + Mg ratio toward the veins, while illite in volcanic rocks has relatively low K and a restricted range of Fe/Fe + Mg ratios. Temperature estimates derived from chlorite geothermometry rise toward the veins within the volcanic rocks. The magnetic susceptibility of tuff breccia of the HLA varies from 21 to less than 0.01 × 10^?3 SI within a span of 40 m from the veins and has significant variation relative to that of andesite (27–0.06 × 10^?3 SI). The variation peripheral to the Honko vein system correlates with an increase in the abundance of hematite pseudomorphs after magnetite, the percentage of adularia and chlorite with high Fe/Fe + Mg ratios, and the degree of plagioclase alteration with decreasing distance to the veins. In contrast, sedimentary rocks of the SSG maintain a consistent magnetic susceptibility across the alteration zone, within a narrow range from 0.3 to 0.2 × 10^?3 SI. Magnetic susceptibility of volcanic rocks of the HLA, especially tuff breccia, could serve as an effective exploration tool for identifying altered volcanic rocks.     

贵州大方不规则I/S间层粘土的矿物学特征

本文叙述了贵州大方伊/蒙不规则间层粘土（I/S）的矿物学特征，包括矿物组成、化学成分、谱学特征、显微形貌特征以及理化特征，并对其应用前景进行了探讨。结合XRD和HRTEM两方面证据，获得了关于该矿物在C轴方向上的堆垛方式，三种以上共存的间层作用类型有力地证实了其不规则性。     

The role of minerals in the thermal alteration of organic matter--III. Generation of bitumen in laboratory experiments

A series of pyrolysis experiments, utilizing two different immature kerogens (from the Monterey and Green River Formations) mixed with common sedimentary minerals (calcite, illite, or Na-montmorillonite), was conducted to study the impact of the mineral matrix on the bitumen that was generated. Calcite has no significant influence on the thermal evolution of bitumen and also shows virtually no adsorption capacity for any of the pyrolysate. In contrast, montmorillonite and illite, to a lesser extent, alter bitumen during dry pyrolysis. Montmorillonite and illite also display strong adsorption capacities for the polar constituents of bitumen. By this process, hydrocarbons are substantially concentrated within the pyrolysate that is not strongly adsorbed on the clay matrices. The effects of the clay minerals are significantly reduced during hydrous pyrolysis. The strong adsorption capacities of montmorillonite and illite, as well as their thermocatalytic properties, may in part explain why light oils and gases are generated from certain argillaceous source-rock assemblages, whereas heavy immature oils are often derived from carbonate source rocks.     

合肥盆地三尖铺组~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar同位素年代地层学研究

合肥盆地南缘中生代红层层序及时代 ,由于缺乏可靠的化石依据 ,曾几经变动人为因素很大。根据三尖铺组红层中泥岩在沉积或成岩作用条件下形成的伊利石之 40 Ar- 39Ar定年 ,其坪年龄为 15 7.7～ 15 9.5 Ma,等时线年龄为 15 7.2～ 15 9.9Ma,并用 K- Ar法测年进行对比和验证 ,其值为 15 1.8～ 15 5 .8Ma,故确定其时代下限应为中侏罗世晚期 (卡洛维期 ) ,上限可能达晚侏罗世早期 (牛津期 )。40 Ar- 39Ar坪年龄谱还记录了晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆活动热事件信息 ,以及三尖铺组红层中陆源碎屑之母岩 (云母片岩及片麻岩等 )形成的冷却史。     

浙江青田石矿物成分和成玉机理研究

采用x射线粉晶衍射、红外吸收光谱、扫描电子显微镜和差热分析等测试方法对浙江青田石进行了研究结果表明，青田石中多数品种属叶蜡石型，新发现有迪开石型、伊利石型和绢云母型等非叶蜡石型品种，并对其宝石学特征和成玉机理进行了初步探讨。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地油气成藏期次分析

利用储层自生伊利石测年法、烃源岩生排烃史法和包裹体均一温度法等综合分析了海拉尔盆地油气成藏期次。综合分析表明:海拉尔盆地油气成藏期主要分为两个大的阶段:第一阶段油气成藏时期在距今120～80 Ma,相当于伊敏组沉积时期—青元岗组沉积早期,是海拉尔盆地各凹陷最主要的成藏时期,油气大规模注入储层时期应该在距今105～90 Ma,相当于伊敏组二、三段沉积时期,此时期为烃源岩大量生排烃时期,油气运移动力充足,有利于油气发生运移并聚集成藏;第二阶段为青元岗组沉积至今,青元岗组沉积以来,发生过近东西向的挤压反转,使已形成的油气藏重新调整,同时二次生成的油气继续注入成藏。优质的烃源岩、断裂和稳定的厚层泥岩是控制研究区油气藏形成和分布的主要因素。     

青田石品种的分类及其鉴别特征研究

目前,青田石约有100余品种。X射线粉末衍射和化学成分分析表明,依据其矿物组成,青田石可分为叶蜡石型、地开石型、伊利石型和绢云母型。其中,叶蜡石型又可细分为纯叶蜡石亚型、高Fe叶蜡石亚型、高Al叶蜡石亚型和高Si叶蜡石亚型;按照其产地,青田石可分为＂封门石＂＂周村石＂＂北山石＂＂山炮石＂等。不同产地青田石的鉴别特征与其矿物组成有关。通过脆裂性、＂Fe染现象＂、次要矿物、多型特征、密度等鉴别特征可区分不同的青田石品种。