Style of fluid flow and deformation in and around an ancient out-of-sequence thrust: An example from the Nobeoka Tectonic Line in the Shimanto accretionary complex, Southwest Japan

To understand the characteristics of deformation of an out-of-sequence thrust (OST) and the style of fluid flow along it, we investigated the Nobeoka Tectonic Line, which has been interpreted as a deep OST (7–9 km), in the Shimanto accretionary complex, Southwest Japan. The shear zone in the footwall differs significantly in the along-strike direction not only in thickness, which varied from 100 to 300 m, but also in lithology and mineral vein development. These variations might reflect primarily differences in lithology; that is, the sandstone-dominant shear zone with a large amount of mineral veins precipitated in microcracks is relatively thick, whereas the shale-dominant shear zone with a small amount of veins and with textures indicating highly pressurized pore fluid, is thinner. By comparison with characteristics of a shallow OST (3–5 km), we conclude that the shallow OST has experienced repeated brittle failure with rapid slip and focused fluid flow whereas the deep OST has experienced both brittle and ductile deformation, followed by fluid flow of various styles, depending on the lithology.     

Hydrothermal Formation of Lath-Shaped Trioctahedral Smectite with High Crystallinity

Lath-shaped and highly crystalline trioctahedral smectites were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The quenched glasses with stoichiometrically dehydrated Na-smectite compositions were treated at （a） 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 and 11 days; and （b） 300℃ and 100 MPa for 7 days. The crystallinity and particle size of products were dependent on the chemical composition of the starting glass, synthetic temperature and duration of hydrothermal treatment. The high structural ordering and large dimensions of the products were confirmed from the sharpness of XRD peaks; and hydration behavior under controlled relative humidity. Transmission electron microscopy was also performed for the characterization of the particle size of product. Particle sizes vary from ca. 10 nm to a few pm by changing the chemical compositions of the starting materials. The product with the highest structural ordering and largest dimension was obtained from Nao.33（Mg1.83Al0.67）Si4O11 glass treated at 500℃ and 100 MPa for 1 day. The obtained results also confirmed the metastability and compositional dependency in the formation of highly crystalline trioctahedral smectite at hydrothermal conditions.     

江南隆起带褶皱基底变质变形温压条件研究

江南隆起带褶皱基底变质变形温压环境是地学界所关注的重要基础地质问题。作者通过对该区有代表性剖面中样品的伊利石结晶度指数、b0值、流体包裹体测温以及变质矿物相的分析,认为该区变质变形具非均匀性,但总体处于低温、低中压环境(估计温度为300~400℃,压力为3~5kbar,地热梯度为25℃/km)。结果还表明,褶皱基底中块体的垂向相对运动约为2km,造山过程表现为大范围的整体抬升,不同的构造单元有大致相近的变质变形环境。因此,江南隆起带褶皱基底这一宏观变形强烈、微观变形甚弱的现象属于低温下准塑性变形结果。     

伊利石的开发与应用

伊利石与叶蜡石不仅外观相似 ,物理性能相近 ,而且在浙东南 ,它们的地质成矿条件和分布区域也大致相同。有些地质专家将它们都归入“广义的蜡石”之列。叶蜡石的资源丰富 ,储量大 ,开发利用早 ,对伊利石的开发应用起到一个先导的作用。但深度开发是目前两个矿种面临的共同课题。     

利用自生矿物探讨济阳坳陷新生代古地温

济阳坳陷是胜利油田重要的勘探区域,确定其古地温对研究坳陷的生烃史和油气成藏史具有重要的意义。综合应用自生伊利石结晶度和自生绿泥石化学成分,得出济阳坳陷新生代古地温梯度为37.2～38.2℃/km。同时,也证明了利用自生伊利石结晶度和自生绿泥石化学成分计算古地温是一种快速并行之有效的方法。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷油气成藏期次分析

应用储层自生伊利石测年法、烃源岩生排烃史法和包裹体均一温度法等综合分析海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷油气成藏期次。分析结果表明海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷油气成藏期主要分为两个大阶段:第一阶段油气成藏时期在距今120~80 Ma,相当于伊敏组沉积时期—青元岗组沉积早期,是海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷最主要的成藏时期,油气大规模注入储层时期应该在105~90 Ma,相当于伊敏组二、三段沉积时期,此时期为烃源岩大量生排烃时期,油气运移动力充足,有利于油气发生大规模的运移并聚集成藏;第二阶段为青元岗组沉积至今,青元岗组沉积以来,发生过近东西向的挤压反转,使已形成的油气藏重新调整,同时二次生成的油气继续注入成藏。     

无烟煤泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征及其研究意义

对山西晋城矿区3号无烟煤层进行了实地观测，采集了一定数量的标本，通过显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等一系列测试手段对无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征进行了研究，对其主要成分高岭石发生变化的主要原因及影响因素进行了探讨。结果发现，无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的主要成分高岭石因受不同因素的影响而向不同方向发生转化，主要表现在高岭石向伊利石转化，并有伊利石-蒙脱石(I/S)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。造成这种煤的变质程度升高而其夹矸成分转化的主要原因可能是区域变质作用及周围介质条件影响所致。     

物理化学条件对合成Mg／Al-LDH结晶度和结构的影响

采用共沉淀法在不同物理条件下合成了一系列镁铝层状双氢氧化物(LDH),用化学分析、XRD和红外光谱对产物的组成与结构进行了表征,并探讨了初始溶液Mg/Al比、平衡pH值、水热反应温度、干燥温度等因素对合成LDH产物的结晶度、Mg/Al比、结构以及镁铝水解率的影响。结果表明,在实验条件范围内,最佳的合成条件为:初始Mg/Al比为2∶1,pH值为10,合成温度50℃,在此条件下固体产物为单一LDH物相,合成LDH的Mg/Al比为2∶1,镁铝水解率分别为99.21%和98.97%,结晶度高,可以实现在较低的温度下水热合成LDH。由于在LDH结构中Al3 替代Mg2 的量不同,导致X衍射分析d值和晶胞参数呈规律性变化。     

伊利石结晶度在恢复地层剥蚀量中的应用--以合肥盆地安参1井白垩系剥蚀量的恢复为例

针对合肥盆地勘探程度低、地热史资料缺乏的现状,提出利用伊利石结晶度与埋藏深度和成岩温度之间的对应关系来确定古地温梯度,进而利用温度资料求取原始地层厚度和剥蚀量,并利用包裹体测温和镜质体反射率两种方法计算出安参1井白垩系的原始地层厚度和剥蚀量,其结果具有较好的可比性,为深化盆地下侏罗统和下白垩统烃源岩的热演化研究提供了保证.     

油气储层中自生伊利石K-Ar同位素年代学研究若干问题的初步探讨

对油气储层中自生伊利石K Ar体系产生影响的有关问题如砂岩岩性、伊利石 /蒙皂石间层矿物的间层比和绿泥石进行了初步试验和讨论。结果表明 :中、细砂岩的应用效果相对较好 ,粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩则难度较大 ;I/S有序间层的应用效果相对较好 ,I/S无序间层则难度较大 ;绿泥石对自生伊利石K Ar体系测年结果的影响不明显。油气注入可能是引起伊利石成岩作用终止的原因之一。最后对各种典型年龄剖面可能的成因解释进行了简要介绍和初步探讨。