Potential Influence of a Developing La Niña on the Sea-Ice Reduction in the Barents–Kara Seas

Abstract

The potential influence of a developing La Niña on Arctic sea-ice annual variability is investigated using both observational data and an atmospheric general circulation model. It is found that during the developing phase of an eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña event in June, July, and August (JJA) and September, October, and November (SON), the sea-ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents–Kara Seas declines more than 15%. The local atmospheric circulation pattern associated with the EP La Niña is characterized as a weak decrease in geopotential height over the Barents–Kara Seas, combined with an anticyclone in the North Atlantic. The corresponding southerly winds push warm waters northward into the key sea-ice reduction region and directly accelerate sea-ice melt. Meanwhile, the abundant moisture contained in the lower troposphere is transported into the Arctic region by winds resulting from the local barotropic structure. The humid atmosphere contributes to both net shortwave and longwave radiation and thus indirectly accelerates the decline in sea ice. Simulations by the European Centre Hamburg Model, version 5.4, are forced by observed sea surface temperature anomalies associated with EP La Niña events. The results of the simulations capture the North Atlantic anticyclone and reproduce the moisture transport, which supports the premise that an EP La Niña plays a crucial role in sea-ice reduction over the Barents–Kara sector from the perspective of atmospheric circulation and net surface heat flux.     

North Atlantic climate impact on early late‐glacial climate oscillations in the south‐eastern Alps inferred from a multi‐proxy lake sediment record

High‐resolution multi‐proxy analyses of a sediment core section from Lake Jeserzersee (Saissersee) in the piedmont lobe of the Würmian Drau glacier (Carinthia, Austria) reveal pronounced climatic oscillations during the early late glacial (ca. 18.5–16.0k cal a BP). Diatom‐inferred epilimnetic summer water temperatures show a close correspondence with temperature reconstructions from the adjacent Lake Längsee record and, on a hemispheric scale, with fluctuations of ice‐rafted debris in the North Atlantic. This suggests that North Atlantic climate triggered summer climate variability in the Alps during the early late glacial. The expansion of pine (mainly dwarf pine) between ca. 18.5 and 18.1k cal a BP indicates warming during the so‐called ‘Längsee oscillation’. The subsequent stepwise climate deterioration between ca. 18.1 and 17.6k cal a BP culminated in a tripartite cold period between ca. 17.6 and 16.9k cal a BP with diatom‐inferred summer water temperatures 8.5–10 °C below modern values and a shift from wet to dry conditions. This period probably coincides with a major Alpine glacier advance termed the Gschnitz stadial. A warmer interval between ca. 16.9 and 16.4k cal a BP separates this cold phase from a second, shorter and less pronounced cold phase between ca. 16.4 and 16.0k cal a BP, which is thought to correlate with the Clavadel/Senders glacier advance in the Alps. The following temperature increase, coupled with wet (probably snow‐rich) conditions, caused the expansion of birch during the transition period to the late glacial interstadial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用地层放射性元素地球化学参数评价地层含铀远景

根据放射性元素地球化学特性和岩相建造理论,作者研究了沉积建造层位中U、Th、K的分布特征,以及它们的组分参数MA、MB同地层铀富集矿化程度的关系,通过不同矿化程度的地层中MA和MB的对比,得出4种类型矿化程度的含铀层位的MA和MB值范围,为采用放射性元素的多参数定量评价地层含铀远景提供了一定经验。     

江西弋阳港口盆地林山组地层时代讨论

本文讨论了江西弋阳港口盆地林山组中的植物化石群。根据其组份特征,可确定该地林山组时代为早侏罗世中晚期,可与鄂西香溪组中下部的植物群对比。     

川西高原砂金矿床形成规律

砂金富集规律可归纳为五条:(1)砂金比重大,体积小,一般下沉于砂砾层底部基岩之上,形成富矿带。(2)河流流速减缓处是砂金富集之场所,如河流内湾处;两河会流处;河谷由宽突变窄处;河谷由窄突变宽处。(3)河床起伏不平是砂金富集之主要条件。最理想的河床是软硬相间之岩层,如砂页岩互层,且走向横穿河谷,倾斜较陡,这样,便形成具有无数隔梁与隔槽的起伏不平的河床,砂金受阻,易于停积。(4)位于谷旁之古老河床沉积阶地是无水患的易采砂金矿床,不容忽视。(5)红黄杂色铁砂及石英碎屑常为砂金富集标志。     

A numerical scheme for calculating stresses and strain rates in glaciers

The stress and strain-rate fields in a glacier or other type of rock with known rheological properties can be calculated by using a numerical solution technique. Calculations are based on force-balance equations and the constitutive relation for polar ice, and do not involve any mathematical approximations. The geometry is prescribed. Basal velocities also are prescribed, either by specifying their values or by relying on a sliding relation. All other quantities are determined numerically.     

新疆巴里坤晚志留世地层及四射珊瑚

新疆巴里坤地区晚志留世地层比较发育,层序清楚,化石丰富,其中珊瑚和腕足类最多.巴里坤地区上志留统叫阔克赛尔克组,又分上下两亚组.下亚组丰产床板珊瑚和四射珊瑚.如Holmophyllum,Kodonophyllum,Tryplasma,Chlamydophyllum,Rhizophyllum,Kyphophyllyum,Entelophyllia,Cymatelasma,Cyathophylloides,Micula.Pilophyllum,Pseudamplexus,Ramulophyllum,SPongophyllum,Spongophyl-loides,Nanshanophhpllum and Thecia,Mesofavosites,Favosites,Pentamerus等,厚76—221m.上亚组仅含一些蜂巢珊瑚(Favosites),厚158—170m.阔克赛尔克山上志留统阔克赛尔克组的生物群落是很特殊的,可与吉林省二道沟区小绥河组.辽宁省昭乌达盟敖汉地区的下石碑组及内蒙自治区百灵庙北的巴特敖包群对比,显然,阔克赛尔克组的地质时代相当晚志留世罗德洛阶.     

陕西金堆城钼矿床中铁钼华的矿物学特征及其意义

铁钼华产于陕西金堆城斑岩钼矿床的氧化带内,该矿物以往被认为是钼华。笔者对该矿物进行了物理光学性质、化学成分、X射线衍射、穆斯堡尔谱、红外光谱以及失重和差热分析的研究,定名为铁钼华,其分子式为Fe_2(MoO_4)_3·6.8H_2O。同时,将其与国外天然和人工合成的铁钼华作了对比,确定其是在酸性氧化环境中形成的次生矿物。它是原生钼矿床的直接找矿标志。     

赣西南下奥陶统樟木曲组笔石带的修正和补充

本文在对笔石作系统研究的基础上,对樟木曲组的笔石带进行了补充和修正。由原来的9个笔石带划分为11个笔石带,厘定了各笔石带的范围和笔石群的总体面貌,并逐带与国内外进行了对比。文内还涉及到宁国阶的顶界、上下两层下垂时笔石以及关于肿笔石与心笔石混生的问题。     

Late Quaternary record of sea-level changes in the Antarctic

The Late Quaternary sediment sequence of the continental margin in the eastern Weddell Sea is well suited for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Two cores from the upper slope, which contain the sedimentary record of the last 300 ky, have been sedimentologically investigated. Age models are based on lithostratigraphy and are correlated with the stable isotope record. As a result of a detailed analysis of the clay mineral composition, grain size distributions and structures, this sedimentary record provides the first marine evidence that the Antarctic ice sheet extended to the shelf edge during the last glacial.The variations in volume and size of the ice sheet were also simulated in numerical models. Changes in accumulation rate and ice temperature are of some importance, but the model revealed that fluctuations are primarily driven by changes in eustatic sea-level and that the ice edge extended to the shelf edge during the last glacial maximum. This causal relationship implies that the maximum ice extension strongly depends on the magnitude and duration of the sea-level depression during a glacial period. The results of the sedimentological investigations and of the numerical models show that the Antarctic ice sheet follows glacial events in the northern hemisphere by teleconnections of sea level. Correspondence to: H. Grobe