四川盆地北缘马元铅锌矿床与古油藏关系研究

马元铅锌矿床是四川盆地北缘重要的铅锌矿床之一,赋矿地层为震旦系灯影组,野外可见大量的沥青与铅锌矿共生/伴生,镜下见早期沥青与闪锌矿、方铅矿共生,沥青的生物标志物与郭家坝组烃源岩极为相似。物质来源方面,铅锌成矿主要的物质来源和两期油气成藏的物质来源均为下寒武统郭家坝组;时间关系方面,铅锌成矿的共生矿物Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为(486.7±3.1)Ma,仅可能与第一期古油藏形成、破坏有关。闪锌矿和重晶石包裹体中含有CH4和少量H2S、沥青,表明铅锌成矿流体中富含有古油藏裂解产物。生烃、排烃、初次运移萃取出"双源层"中的铅锌元素,第一期古油藏裂解和短暂TSR作用产生的还原性硫为铅锌络合物沉淀提供了物质基础,第一期古油藏最终完全破坏残留下早期沥青。     

基于不同方向模量损失率的含瓦斯煤各向异性渗透模型

煤是自然界中一种常见的沉积岩,它具有显著的各向异性特征。然而目前针对煤体渗透特性研究,多数学者为了简化问题,多假设煤体为各向同性材料,提出了相应的各向同性渗透模型。这类模型并不能完全反映含瓦斯煤气-固耦合真实工程和室内试验的实际情况。假设煤体为横观各向同性,推导出以不同方向模量损失率为关键参数的煤体各向异性渗透模型,在此基础上,推导出含瓦斯煤的气-固耦合控制方程,并植入Comsol计算平台,系统研究煤体各向异性对气体扩散和渗透的影响。理论和数值研究结果表明：不同方向的模量损失率 反映出煤体结构各向异性变化程度,若 不同,其煤体各方向渗透特性也不相同;煤体渗透率的改变主要受解吸附效应和有效应力作用双重影响, 反映了这两种效应对于渗透率的影响程度;单轴应变或位移控制边界条件下,水平方向的模量损失率 对于垂直方向的煤体渗透率改变量 的影响程度大于对水平方向的煤体渗透率改变量 的影响程度,垂直方向模量损失率 对 的影响则弱于对于 的影响。     

Estimation of the surface uplift due to fluid injection into a reservoir with a clayey interbed

Injecting fluid into subsurface reservoirs is a hydromechanical coupling process that can induce heaving of the ground surface. The presence of clayey interbeds in the reservoir can have considerable influence on the surface uplift. We used a numerical method to investigate this process. We found that different locations have different impacts on the surface uplift. We applied the orthogonal experimental design using the Taguchi method for extensive parametric analysis and determined the most influential factor. Finally, we analyzed the low-permeable effect of the interbed due to its low permeability, compared to the reservoir.     

Quantification of particle crushing in consideration of grading evolution of granular soils in biaxial shearing: A probability‐based model

A probability‐based model is presented to estimate particle crushing and the associated grading evolution in granular soils during isotropic compression and prepeak shearing in biaxial tests. The model is based on probability density functions of interparticle and intraparticle stress (ie, particle normalized maximum shear stress and particle average maximum shear stress) derived from discrete element method simulations of biaxial tests. We find that the probability density functions of normalized maximum shear stress are dependent on the current sample grading, implying coupling effects between particle crushing and sample grading such that the particle crushing is affected by the current sample grading, and the grading change is also dependent on the current particle crushing extent. To incorporate these coupling effects into the model, particle crushing and grading change are calculated for each load increment, in which the crushing probability of a particle during any loading increment is denoted as the corresponding increment of probability of the internal maximum shear stress exceeding its maximum shear strength. The model shows qualitative agreement with published experimental data. The effects of the model parameters, including initial porosity, particle strength, initial grading, and crushing mode, on the calculated results are discussed and compared with previous studies. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the model are discussed.     

新疆造山-造盆作用与砂岩型铀成矿

盆山体系演化，尤其是盆山耦合过程与成矿的研究巳成为当代地质科学研究的热点之一，我国陆相沉积盆地砂岩型铀矿床（点）分布广泛，成因类型多样，但对矿床的成因分析研究似乎缺乏总体的认识和深化，由于可地浸砂岩型铀成矿明显受到盆山体系的形成演化机制制约，尤其是盆地基底形成之后的盆山演化起着关键的作用。作者结合新疆10多年来的找矿实践，试图通过区域大地构造演化及其对盆地形成演化的分析，初步分析新疆可地浸砂岩型铀成矿作用与区域造山、造盆作用的关系，通过个别盆地砂岩型铀矿找矿实例分析，进一步探讨盆山耦合过程中可地浸砂岩型铀成矿规律，并提出今后工作意见。     

设置限位器双向隔震铁路桥梁车桥耦合动力响应研究

对铅芯橡胶双向隔震铁路桥梁在列车荷载作用下的力学性能进行了研究,针对双向隔震铁路桥梁中存在的问题,提出了设置限位器的解决方案,并对设置限位器的双向隔震铁路桥梁进行了车桥耦合动力响应分析。研究结果表明,采用常规隔震设计方法的铅芯橡胶支座在横桥向的初始刚度和屈服强度均不能满足规范要求,设置限位器后,双向隔震铁路桥梁的力学性能有了很大的改善,各项指标均满足列车运行安全性和平稳性要求。     

短期气候降水预报及陆—气耦合的非绝热慢波

首先,用1980—1985年的深层地温距平资料做付氏展开,并假定满足热传导方程,得到地温及平均地温的表达式。其次,根据前期地温与后期降水成正相关的事实,提出了两种有实用价值的降水短期气候预报方法。结果表明,对1981—1986年汛期(4—9月)旱涝趋势预报效果很好。最后,提出了陆—气耦合系统中存在两类非绝热慢波,一类是准半年波,另一类是准三年波,这刚好可以解释前面的两类相关场,进而为两类预报方法提供了物理基础。     

A Loose Coupling Technique for Integrating GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Spatial decision making is characterized by problems associated with multiple and conflicting alternatives relating to geographical features and their attributes. As such, the search for the best possible alternative from a large set of such alternatives can be a daunting task. The aim of integrating GIS with Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is to develop a well‐defined process that can scan through such extensive fields of choice to arrive at the best possible solution. Goal Programming is one tool (developed in conjunction with MCDM) that can handle a problem with multiple, conflicting and incommensurable alternatives, and this article explains how the loose coupling technique can integrate MCDM with GIS to assist decision making among competing alternatives. As an example, this methodology has been applied for community development purposes in the Hooghly District of West Bengal, India.     

水层-底栖耦合生态动力学研究的某些进展

概述浅海生态系的水层系统与底栖系统耦合的基本原理,着重介绍有机质沉降动力学、底栖生态系统对有机质的响应、生物沉降和侧向平流、生物扰动和沉积物再悬浮研究的进展,结语中提出应予优先支持研究的科学问题。