Terrain generalization with line integral convolution

ABSTRACT

Line integral convolution is a technique originally developed for visualizing vector fields, such as wind or water directions, that places densely packed lines following the direction of movement. Geisthövel and Hurni adapted line integral convolution to terrain generalization in 2018. Their method successfully removes details and retains sharp mountain ridges; it is particularly suited for creating generalized shaded relief. This paper extends line integral convolution generalization with a series of enhancements to reduce spurious artifacts, accentuate mountain ridges, control the level of detail in mountain slopes, and preserve sharp transitions to flat areas. The enhanced line integral convolution generalization effectively removes excessive terrain details without changing the position of terrain features. Sharp mountain ridgelines are accentuated, and transitions to flat waterbodies and valley bottoms are preserved. Shaded relief imagery derived from generalized elevation models is visually pleasing and resembles manually produced shaded relief.     

流域特征曲线与泥石流活动

小流域是最活跃的地貌单元,泥石流是小流域演化中最剧烈的过程,是沟谷物质输移的最极端形式。以积分形式重新定义沟谷的比降,则比降曲线的变化直观反映了流域物质通过沟谷的改变。而流域的变化可以通过Strahler的流域的面积-高程曲线来表示。比降曲线与面积-高程曲线的自然联系,将泥石流活动问题与流域演化问题自然联系起来。以云南东川蒋家沟源地小流域面积-高程曲线为基础,具体讨论了流域可能发生泥石流的曲线形态和演化趋势。这样,有可能通过流域的形态特征来认识泥石流的长期演化。     

井地电法的准解析近似三维反演研究

研究复杂地电模型上的井地电法三维反演一直是一个具有挑战性的课题。本文在准解析近似和重加权正则化的共轭梯度法的基础上,用visualFortran6.5开发了井地电法三维准解析近似反演程序。反演过程中的正演和Frechet导数矩阵计算都应用准解析近似大大提高了计算的速度。通过理论模型的合成数据反演试算,说明基于准解析近似法和加权正则化的共轭梯度法的井地电法三维反演程序有着计算速度快,反演精度高等特点。     

固定点源测深法定量解释研究

本文在简要介绍由B.A.柯马罗夫近年提出的“用固定点源测深资料作地电断面图”的定量解释方法(相对强度法、积分参数法和微分参数法)基础上,重点讨论了球体、板状体及组合板状体上用计算机对其理论计算、数值模拟和物理模拟视极化率测深曲线进行定量解释(确定埋藏体中心深度、产状、上界面位置及轮廓)的效果。并以一个野外试验结果说明了方法的有效性。     

地形校正中央区求积公式

利用非奇变换首先将地形校正奇异积分非奇异，其次利用ＮｅｗｔｏｎＣｏｔｅｓ积分，本文推导了几组适用于地形校正中央区积分的求积公式。     

自然降雨量与水稻产量的关系

利用旬雨量与历史同期产量资料，使用积分回归和多元回归等方法，分析自然降雨量与水稻产量的关系，以证实人工增雨对水稻产量提高所起的作用。结果表明，全省早稻亩产量随旬雨量增加平均为０．１６４ｋｇ／ｍｍ，晚稻亩产量增加平均为０．１１ｋｇ／ｍｍ。     

The numerical method of Fourier eigen transform and its application in seismicity analysis

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Spatial continuity measures for probabilistic and deterministic geostatistics

Geostatistics has traditionally used a probabilistic framework, one in which expected values or ensemble averages are of primary importance. The less familiar deterministic framework views geostatistical problems in terms of spatial integrals. This paper outlines the two frameworks and examines the issue of which spatial continuity measure, the covarianceC (h) or the variogram (h), is appropriate for each framework. AlthoughC (h) and (h) were defined originally in terms of spatial integrals, the convenience of probabilistic notation made the expected value definitions more common. These now classical expected value definitions entail a linear relationship betweenC (h) and (h); the spatial integral definitions do not. In a probabilistic framework, where available sample information is extrapolated to domains other than the one which was sampled, the expected value definitions are appropriate; furthermore, within a probabilistic framework, reasons exist for preferring the variogram to the covariance function. In a deterministic framework, where available sample information is interpolated within the same domain, the spatial integral definitions are appropriate and no reasons are known for preferring the variogram. A case study on a Wiener-Levy process demonstrates differences between the two frameworks and shows that, for most estimation problems, the deterministic viewpoint is more appropriate. Several case studies on real data sets reveal that the sample covariance function reflects the character of spatial continuity better than the sample variogram. From both theoretical and practical considerations, clearly for most geostatistical problems, direct estimation of the covariance is better than the traditional variogram approach.This paper was presented at MGUS 87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 14 April 1987.     

并矢格林函数等效源法在钻孔电磁波法中的应用

针对双孔电波法的实际情况,研究无限有耗媒质中,在半波偶极天线激励下,存在导电异常体的散射问题。理论上是根据等效源定理在散射体内引入等效电流,利用并失格林函数建立电场的积分方程并将其化为矩阵方程。在数值计算中,精心设计计算机程序,为提高计算精度,采取小圆柱体作为剖分单元。从物理角度对积分方程奇异点做巧妙的处理。经多次试算,结果令人满意。从而证明本文提出的理论和计算方法的有效性和适用性。