甘肃省鹿儿坝金矿流体包裹体研究:对流体演化和成矿机制的探讨

西秦岭地区矿产丰富,金资源储量巨大。国内学者对于该区域的众多金矿床开展了大量成矿流体性质及来源的研究工作,但是并没有形成统一的认识;此外,西秦岭礼(县)—岷(县)成矿带,合作—鹿儿坝—崖湾金、汞、锑多金属成矿亚带的成矿流体研究工作比较薄弱。鹿儿坝金矿床为该成矿带的一个代表性金矿床,其赋存于三叠统浊积岩建造中,属于微细粒浸染型金矿。主成矿阶段热液石英脉及方解石脉中流体包裹体主要为H₂O气液两相包裹体,少见纯气相包裹体、纯液相包裹体、CO₂-H₂O三相包裹体。包裹体均一温度范围为81~247 ℃,盐度范围为1.23%~10.98%。流体包裹体气相成分以水为主,还有少量的CH₄、CO₂、H₂等。氢、氧同位素实验数据表明,流体中δD_V-SMOW值变化范围为-84.4‰~-96.0‰、δ¹⁸O值的变化范围为-4.20‰~6.45‰,表明成矿流体来源并非单一,可能为岩浆水与大气降水混合来源。此外,构造体制的转换造成流体沸腾,导致了大规模金等物质沉淀、聚集、成矿。     

Composition and Evolution of Hydrogen Isotopes of n-Akanes Generated from Anhydrous Pyrolysis of Sediments from Lake Gahai,Gannan, China

To understand the thermal evolution of lacustrine sedimentary n-alkane hydrogen isotopic composition (δD), especially bacterially derived n-alkanes, anhydrous thermal simulation experiments were performed with sediments from Lake Gahai (Gannan, China). We analyzed the original and pyrolysis-generated n-alkanes and their δD values. The results showed that thermal maturity and n-alkane origins significantly affected the distribution of pyrolysis-generated n-alkanes. In immature to post-mature sediments, the bacterial-derived medium-chain n-alkanes generally had depleted δD values. The maximum difference in average δD values between the bacterial-and herbaceous plant-derived medium-chain n-alkanes was 32‰, and the maximum difference in δD values among individual n-alkanes was 59‰. We found that the average δD value of pyrolysis-generated n-alkanes from different latitude was significantly different in immature to highly mature sediments, but similar in post-mature ssediments. The hydrogen isotopes of sedimentary n-alkanes can be used as indicators for paleoclimate/paleo-environment conditions only when sediments are immature to highly mature. During thermal evolution, the δD value of generated individual n-alkanes and the average δD value increased with thermal maturity, indicating that hydrogen isotopes of sedimentary n-alkanes can be used as an index of organic matter maturity. We established mathematical models of average δD values of generated n-alkanes from immature to post-mature sediments using nC21?/nC21+ and average chain lengths. These results improve our understanding of the distribution and δD value of sedimentary n-alkanes derived from herbaceous plants in mid-latitude plateau cold regions.     

Using GIS for modelling the impact of current climate trend on the recharge area of the S. Susanna spring (central Apennines,Italy)

Though the S. Susanna spring system is one of the biggest water sources in the central Apennines, its hydrogeological dynamics have been scarcely investigated. This study tried to clarify some of the factors controlling the recharge/discharge processes of this spring by modelling the available climate series, water balance equations and new isotopic and quantitative data, using statistical and raster overlay functions embedded in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data were recorded monthly over a 2‐year period at the spring itself and in eight rain gauges in Reatini Mountains. The effective infiltration rate was calculated using the Kennessey coefficients and the Turc equation. Finally, the recharge area was identified with the help of an expert evaluation procedure. Local δ¹⁸O and δD versus altitude regression curves were used to validate the digital recharge model by comparing their expected values with the values actually measured. Recharge process was framed within the perspective of the ongoing local climate trends. The current discharge rate of 4·1 m³·s^?1 is significantly lower than the average value of 5·5 m³·s^?1 measured up to the 1980s, confirming the fall in the recharge/discharge rate. The hydrogeological system shows a delayed response, due to an average groundwater residence time in the aquifer, which is estimated to be about 15/20 years on the basis of the offset between calculated and observed isotope data at the main spring. For this reason the system is presently not equilibrated and is gradually changing towards a final equilibrium discharge estimated in about 3·4 m³·s^?1. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

气相色谱-同位素比值质谱法测定天然气水合物气体单体碳氢同位素

天然气水合物气体同位素组成数据是其气体成因、运移与积聚过程研究的重要参数。目前天然气水合物气体单体碳、氢同位素仪器分析技术主要借鉴天然气的分析方法,但对水合物气的分解、收集、储存等前处理技术缺乏系统研究。本文利用气相色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)技术,对比研究了顶空法、注射器法和排水法等水合物气体分解与收集方法的实用性,以及铝塑气袋和丁基橡胶塞密封的玻璃顶空瓶对分解气的储存效果。实验结果表明:在丁基橡胶塞密封的玻璃顶空瓶内真空分解且原位储存是水合物气体单体碳、氢同位素分析的最佳前处理方法。方法标准偏差为0.12‰～0.23‰[δ13C-(C1-C3,CO2)]、1.0‰～1.8‰[δD-(C1-C3)];相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.38%～0.86%[δ13C-(C1-C3,CO2)]、0.62%～1.00%[δD-(C1-C3)]。通过对南海神狐海域、祁连山冻土区、人工合成水合物样品的分析测定,表明该方法简便实用、适用范围宽,可满足天然气水合物气体单体碳、氢同位素的分析要求。     

塔里木盆地油田水的成因与演化

塔里木盆地油田水具有高矿化度，相对贫镁，富钙，富锶等特点，在含油层中铝浓度高，铝可能以有机络合物形成存在。氢氧同位素测量值表明；侏罗系，三叠系及寒武系－奥陶系内幕油田水为成岩改造原生水；白垩系，第三系为同生沉积水蒸发五余；侏罗系与石炭系，三叠系与石炭系的不整合面附近及奥陶系顶部，塔中地区石炭系是淡水与成岩改造或蒸发残余原生水混合成因。     

氢同位素分析样品制备新方法

发展了氢同位素分析新方法－石墨还原法，其分析精度达到1．5‰，优于常规的金属还原法。通过多次改进，设计了简单而可靠的氢气制备系统及反应管，经反复试验，确定了石墨还原法的最佳反应条件为反应时间10min，反应温度1050℃，将石墨的法与传统的金属锌还原法进行了对比实验，两种方法对多个水样的测量结果保持在误差范围内，进一步确立了石墨还原法的可靠性。     

Coastal rainwater hydrogen peroxide: Concentration and deposition

Correlation analysis between rainwater component concentrations (hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen ion, nitrate, nonseasalt sulfate and chloride ion) was used to investigate patterns of variation in hydrogen peroxide concentrations in rain collected in Wilmington, North Carolina, a coastal southeastern United States location, between October 1992, and October 1994. Rainwater hydrogen peroxide concentrations in general correlated positively with the pollutant components (hydrogen ion, nitrate and non-seasalt sulfate). This pattern suggests that destruction of hydrogen peroxide by sulfur dioxide is not the dominant factor controlling the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in this rainwater, with the possible exception of winter rain from coastal storms where an inverse correlation between hydrogen peroxide and nonseasalt sulfate was observed. Sequential sampling indicates rapid production of hydrogen peroxide and incorporation into rain within time periods of hours during summer daytime rains.Rain is an important transport mechanism for removal of atmospheric hydrogen peroxide, which may affect the oxidizing capacity of surface waters that receive the rain. During this study time, the annual deposition of hydrogen peroxide by rain was 12 mmole m^-2 yr^-1. An average rain event added approximately half of the resident amount of hydrogen peroxide to the shallow lakes typical of eastern North Carolina; extreme rain events can triple the amount normally present. The episodic nature of rain contributes to the variability in hydrogen peroxide concentration in surface waters. Higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations and greater rainfall amounts cause wet deposition of hydrogen peroxide to be approximately seven times greater during the warm season than the cold season.     

中国东部大陆浅成热液矿床的H、O同位素地球化学

浅成热液矿床属于古地热系统。中国东部大陆边缘29个浅成热液矿床的H、O同位素组成特征证实，成矿流体源自当地大气降水。水-岩相互作用同位素交换模拟计算结果表明，浅成热液矿床形成期间水/岩比通常是高的。     

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, China

The Luliang and Baoshan basins are two small ba- sins in Yunnan Province. In the recent ten years or so, there have been found a number of natural gas pools of commercial importance in the two basins. Although the gas pools are small in size, the natural …