中国北方平原盆地地下水氢氧同位素组成特征

在系统收集整理中国北方河北平原、太原盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地以及银川平原的地下水氢氧同位素资料基础上,依据同位素形成演化相似性原理,对比分析同位素组成得出:深层地下水是在过去更寒冷的气候条件下形成;研究区的大气降水不但在现代气候条件下存在大陆效应和高程效应,而且在 25 kaB.P.以来的古气候条件下也存在大陆效应和高程效应;古气候条件下各盆地平原之间的蒸发强度的差异可能比现代气候条件下各盆地平原之间的蒸发强度的差异大.     

Hydrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Isotope Studies of Seafloor Hydrothermal System at the Desmos Caldera, Manus Back-arc Basin, Papua New Guinea: An Analogue of Terrestrial Acid Hot Crater-lake

Abstract. The Onsen site is an active submarine hydrothermal system hosted by the Desmos caldera in the Eastern Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. The hydrothermal fluid is very acidic (pH=1.5) and abundant native sulfur is deposited around the vent. The δ³⁴S values of native sulfur range from -6.5 to -9.3 %o. δ³⁴S values of H₂S and SO₄ in the hydrothermal fluid are -4.3 to -9.9 %o and +18.6 to +20.0 %o, respectively. These δ³⁴S values are significantly lower than those of the other hydrothermal systems so far reported. These low δ³⁴S values and the acidic nature of the vent fluids suggest that volcanic SO₂ gas plays an important role on the sulfur isotope systematic of the Onsen hydrothermal system. Relationship among the δ³⁴S values of S-bearing species can be successively explained by the model based on the disproportionation reaction starting from the volcanic SO₂ gas. The predicted δ³⁴S values of SO₂ agree with the measured whole rock δ³⁴S values. δD and δ¹⁸O values of clay minerals separated from the altered rock samples also suggest the contribution of the magmatic fluid to the hydrothermal system. Present stable isotopic study strongly suggests that the Onsen hydrothermal site in the Desmos caldera is a magmatic submarine hydrothermal system.     

Effects of Rainwater Iron and Hydrogen Peroxide on Iron Speciation and Phytoplankton Growth in Seawater near Bermuda

Rainwater is a major source of dissolved iron to much of the world's oceans, including regions where iron may be a limiting nutrient for marine phytoplankton primary production. Rainwater iron is therefore potentially important in regulating global photosynthetic uptake of CO₂, and hence climate. Two rainwater addition bioassay experiments (2% rain) conducted at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Station (BATS) during March 2000 using 50 or 100 nM FeCl₂ or FeCl₃ in synthetic rain (pH 4.5 H₂SO₄) showed an increase in chlorophyll a 50% greater than controls after three days. Addition of 20 μM hydrogen peroxide, a typical rainwater concentration at BATS, completely removed the chlorophyll a increase with both forms of iron additions, suggesting stimulation of phytoplankton growth by rainwater iron can be limited by rainwater H₂O₂. In laboratory experiments using Gulf Stream seawater, iron-enriched (100 nM Fe(III)) synthetic rain was mixed with seawater in a 5% rain 95% seawater ratio. Dissolved iron concentrations increased two times above concentrations predicted based on dilution alone. The increase in soluble iron probably resulted from release from seawater particles and was maintained for more than 24 hours. No increase was observed in controls that did not have iron added to the synthetic rain, or with synthetic rainwater containing both added iron and H₂O₂. The increase in iron concentration above that predicted by dilution indicates rain may have a larger effect on seawater iron concentrations than that calculated for rainwater iron addition alone.     

云南宾川雄鲁摩铜多金属矿床的成矿流体

雄鲁摩铜多金属矿床产于沉积岩中，生成工业意义矿床主体的改造期石英中的流体包裹体显微测温、成分分析以及氢氧同位素研究结果表明，雄鲁摩铜多金属矿床的流体为具有中低温、中低盐度和中低密度特征的富钠氯化物型热卤水，成矿流体水来源于与围岩发生了同位素交换的演化大气降水，形成于浅成低压的较酸性还原环境。     

科学技术界要关注高新能源的发展态势

为适应广大科技工作者了解国外新能源的发展态势，从而关注我国新能源发展前景，集中编辑了有关生物质能、生物柴油、太阳能、风能、地热、氢能等多种新能源的国内外发展态势，分析了各自的开发利用潜力和前景,以供大家借鉴，有利于开展某些项目的研发。相信不久的将来，我国新能源事业，能尽快走上“快车道”、“高速路”。     

粤东锡多金属矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究

本文通过试验路研究，提出交通事故多发段沥青路面抗滑表层做法的一些具体意见，包括结构类型、材料要求和施工要点。试验路观测表明，抗滑表层对减少交通事故有明显作用，供应用参考。     

中国金矿床氢氧同位素地球化学研究

华北地台与金矿床有关的花岗岩，其岩浆水以δD值较低为特征（-120‰——85‰），古老结晶基底变质水同样亦以贫δD为特征（-95‰）。中国不同类型金矿床成矿流体具有多来源多成因特征，但最突出的特征是皆在不同程度上混有大气降水成分。中国东部金矿床成矿流体δD在地理分布上表现出明显的纬度效应和海岸效应，且与我国中生代大气降水等值线一致。借助被加热循环的大气降水使矿源层（岩）中的成矿物质活化和再富集是金矿成矿的一种具有普遍意义的成矿方式。     

雄安新区白洋淀湿地地表水和地下水转化关系及其对芦苇分布的影响

查明地表水和地下水作用关系对湿地生态保护与修复具有重要意义。采用地表水和地下水位监测、氢氧稳定同位素分析、湖床沉积物温度示踪等方法,研究了白洋淀渗漏对周边浅层地下水的影响范围和深度,评价了地表水垂向渗漏速率,并探讨了芦苇分布面积和地表水位以及地下水位埋深的关系。结果表明：白洋淀渗漏受地质结构和水力梯度等因素影响,对浅层地下水垂向上影响深度为20 m,水平向上影响范围存在较大空间变异。周边浅层地下水的补给来源为大气降雨和地表水,其中地表水渗漏的补给比例为0~90.5%。淀区渗漏速率0.01~0.59 mm/d,和含水层埋深关系密切,埋深越小,越有利于地表水渗漏。1976-2020年,白洋淀芦苇分布面积和地表水位关系密切。当地表水位为6.3~6.8 m时,芦苇分布面积最大,在水位小于6.3 m条件下芦苇面积随着水位增高而增加,大于6.8 m条件下随着水位增高而减少。芦苇台地下水位埋深和地表水位显著相关,在2020年4-9月芦苇生长期,除雨季前期外多数时段台地地下水埋深均适宜芦苇发育,建议在雨季前期实施生态补水,通过降低台地地下水位埋深促进芦苇生长发育。研究结果可为白洋淀生态补水、渗漏防治和生态保护提供参考。     

Genesis of the Ciemas Gold Deposit and Relationship with Epithermal Deposits in West Java, Indonesia: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

The Ciemas gold deposit is located in West Java of Indonesia,which is a Cenozoic magmatism belt resulting from the Indo-Australian plate subducting under the Eurasian plate.Two different volcanic rock belts and associated epithermal deposits are distributed in West Java:the younger late Miocene-Pliocene magmatic belt generated the Pliocene-Pleistocene epithermal deposits,while the older late Eocene-early Miocene magmatic belt generated the Miocene epithermal deposits.To constrain the physico-chemical conditions and the origin of the ore fluid in Ciemas,a detailed study of ore petrography,fluid inclusions,laser Raman spectroscopy,oxygen-hydrogen isotopes for quartz was conducted.The results show that hydrothermal pyrite and quartz are widespread,hydrothermal alteration is well developed,and that leaching structures such as vuggy rocks and extension structures such as comb quartz are common.Fluid inclusions in quartz are mainly liquid-rich two phase inclusions,with fluid compositions in the NaCl-H20 fluid system,and contain no or little CO_2.Their homogenization temperatures cluster around 240℃-320℃,the salinities lie in the range of 14-17 wt.%NaCl equiv,and the calculated fluid densities are 0.65-1.00 g/cm~3.The values of δ~(18)O_(H2O-VSMOW)for quartz range from +5.5‰ to +7.7‰,the δD_(VSMOW) of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from-70‰ to-115‰.All of these data indicate that mixing of magmatic fluid with meteoric water resulted in the formation of the Ciemas deposit.A comparison among gold deposits of West Java suggests that Miocene epithermal ore deposits in the southernmost part of West Java were more affected by magmatic fluids and exhibit a higher degree of sulfldation than those of Pliocene-Pleistocene.     

河南嵩县北部基岩山区地下水水化学特征和环境同位素特征分析

嵩县北部基岩山区位于熊耳山脉东段南部,地下水与地表水分布不均,为研究基岩山区地下水特征和补径排关系,指导缺水山区地下水找水工作,通过现场调查、地下水采样,测定不同水体中的水化学成分及环境同位素,分析其变化特征,判明地下水的补给来源及各含水层的相互联系。水化学和环境同位素研究结果表明,大气降水是研究区地下水的主要补给来源,人工开采是其主要的排泄方式;研究区基岩地下水化学特征较复杂,松散岩类孔隙水、浅(深)层半固结层裂隙孔隙水地下水以Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~–为主,属HCO_3-Ca型水;松散岩类孔隙水、浅层半固结层裂隙孔隙水含水层之间的水力联系较为密切,基岩裂隙水通过发育的导水构造断裂与现代水连接,均具有较好的开发利用价值,而深层半固结层裂隙孔隙水参与水循环的能力较弱,开采应持慎重态度。该研究成果为缺水山区地下水的合理开采利用提供了科学依据和数据支持。