三江北段查涌铜多金属矿床成矿流体特征——流体包裹体及氢氧同位素证据

在矿床地质特征研究和成矿阶段划分的基础上,选取三江成矿带北段查涌铜多金属矿床主成矿热液期的矿石样品,进行了流体包裹体显微测温和氢氧同位素测试。流体包裹体研究结果表明,矿物中包裹体以富液相为主,均一温度为320~360℃,盐度w(NaCl,eq)=3%~5%,显示岩浆热液矿床的流体特征;氢氧同位素测试结果显示,δD=-110.0×10~(-3)~-95.5×10~(-3),平均-104.4×10~(-3),δ(~(18)O_(V-SMOW))=-2.2×10~(-3)~2.5×10~(-3),平均-0.6×10~(-3),表明其主成矿期的成矿流体以岩浆水为主,并伴有少量大气降水的加入。     

室温条件下微生物环境中块金生长机理的实验研究

室温条件下,用真菌、硅藻、固氮菌及芽孢杆菌等不同微生物,经３个月至１８个月的时间,可将砖红色的海绵金培育成片状、丝状及粒状的Ａｕ颗粒,这表明在表生条件及微生物环境中,Ａｕ可以被活化、迁移、再生长、测定结果表明,培养液中的Ａｕ质量浓度与其中的Ｈ２Ｏ２质量浓度有正相关关系;而且,Ａｕ和Ｈ２Ｏ２质量浓度高的样品,其中的金粒生长速率也快,说明表生条件下块金的生长与溶液中的Ｈ２Ｏ２质量浓度密切相关。     

哈尼梯田麻栗寨河流域泉水氢氧同位素的海拔效应

氢氧同位素是示踪流域水循环过程的有效方法,水是维系哈尼梯田景观稳定性的关键.以哈尼梯田文化景观遗产核心区的麻栗寨河流域泉水为研究对象,通过采集不同海拔的33个样品分析泉水氢氧同位素的海拔效应.结果表明：总体上看,泉水氢氧同位素随海拔的上升而下降,其递减率随海拔增加而变大,并具有高、中、低三段海拔分异的特征;低海拔段（1 060 m以下）和高海拔段（1 510 m以上）均具有明显的海拔效应,但中海拔段（1 060~1 510 m）相关关系不显著;泉水氢氧同位素关系方程与全国大气降水线相比斜率略小,说明在泉水形成之前曾受雨量效应、蒸发作用和补给等因素影响;在氘盈余方面,低海拔段的d值与全国大气降水线相当,中海拔段明显低于全国大气降水线,高海拔段明显高于全国大气降水线,说明研究区泉水存在强烈的混合作用,且其海拔效应是在补给水源多次循环和利用过程中形成.     

焦家式金矿水-岩交换作用——成矿流体氢氧同位素组成研究

焦家式金矿位于胶东半岛西北部，矿体赋存于花岗片麻岩－花岗闪长岩类岩石断裂带内，呈破碎黄铁绢英岩化浸染状矿石。矿体中均伴有富含金的成矿前、后中基性脉岩。成矿作用包括乳白色块状黄铁矿石英和（或）伟晶石英脉阶段、含金硫化物石英阶段和方解石石英阶段。三个阶段石英δ＾１８Ｏ值平均为１２．４‰、１３．２‰、和１４．４‰。计算的石英δ＾１８ＯＨ２ｏ值平均分别为４．７‰、３．５‰和３．５‰。三个阶段石英流体包裹体     

中国西部湖泊水体δD与δ18O的空间变化特征及其影响因素

湖泊水体的氢氧同位素(δD、δ~(18)O)是研究区域大气降水和水文循环的重要手段之一,目前对其的研究主要以单一湖泊为主.以2016年夏季在中国西部地区采集的33个湖泊水体为研究对象,分析其氢氧同位素的变化特征,并结合当地夏季大气降水、湖水盐度、海拔与纬度等资料,探讨中国西部33个湖泊水体δD、δ~(18)O的空间分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:33个湖泊水体的δD与δ18O组成主要受控于大气降水,但受蒸发分馏的影响,湖水线的斜率与截距低于大气水线.湖泊水体与夏季大气降水氢氧同位素存在明显的空间分异,这种分异与湖水盐度无关,主要受到区域降水水汽来源不同的影响.青藏高原南北两侧由于水汽来源及蒸发条件的不同,使得青藏高原湖泊水体的氢氧同位素呈现出"北高南低"的特点,新疆西北部受西风影响,湖泊水体的氢氧同位素明显偏负,内蒙古及邻近地区受东南季风的影响,湖水受到蒸发分馏作用使其δD与δ~(18)O偏正.不同区域湖泊水体的氘盈余(d_excess)反映了不同的水汽源地的湿度状况而不能指示湖水的蒸发状况.受降水影响,青藏高原地区湖水氢氧同位素组成与海拔高度呈负相关,与纬度呈正相关.     

用同位素方法研究额济纳盆地承压含水层地下水的补给

本文通过环境同位素、温度、电导率和人工示踪等方法研究了黑河下游古日乃和额济纳盆地深部承压水的补给源 ,初步揭示了额济纳盆地承压水来自于祁连山的降水 ,是部分祁连山西端雪水直接渗入山前的深大断裂 ,在玉门宽滩山一带注入与之相交的阿尔金断裂 ,然后继续向东补给至巴丹吉林沙漠 ,并顺着古日乃断层补给到额济纳盆地。通过蒸发量计算得到的补给量为 5× 10 8m3/a。黑河流域承压水中的 T(氚 )为 17.8～ 0 .1TU ,地下水的年龄与取样孔的位置有关 ,靠近强渗漏带附近的地下水的年龄只有 2 0～ 30 a。古日乃、拐子湖的湖泊、泉、沼泽等消失的主要原因是由于 5 0 a来温度升高、蒸发量增加和下游抽水量增大的原因。该项研究对于重新认识额济纳盆地、古日乃、巴丹吉林沙漠的地下水补给与黑河下游水资源调度、开发与利用具有十分重大的意义     

藏南拆离系锑金成矿特征与成因模式

藏南拆离系是一条重要的锑、金成矿带,呈东西向平行于变质核杂岩带展布。通过对典型矿床成矿特征的研究,识别出3种主要矿床类型:1沙拉岗式锑矿床:受南北向正断层和东西向层间断层控制,矿体为石英-辉锑矿脉,围岩蚀变较弱;2马扎拉式锑-金矿床:主要受间断层控制,局部与南北向断层相关,矿体主要由含金石英-辉锑矿脉体群组成,硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等围岩蚀变发育;3浪卡子式金矿床:位于变质核杂岩周缘,受剥离断层和正断层控制,矿体呈石英细脉和蚀变岩构成的透镜体,硅化、绿泥石化和绢云母化蚀变强烈。石英流体包裹体测温表明,流体主要为低温和低盐度流体。氢、氧、硫同位素研究显示,沙拉岗式锑矿床具有西藏地热水的特征(δD值为-140‰~-166‰),而马扎拉式锑-金矿床为岩浆水与大气降水的混合,两者的硫同位素大多具有岩浆硫的特征。矿床的形成与变质核杂岩驱动的地热系统密切相关,在变质核杂岩附近形成浪卡子式金矿床,向外形成马扎拉式锑-金矿床,远离核杂岩形成沙拉岗式锑矿床。     

Simulation of Global Hydrogen Levels Using a Lagrangian Three-Dimensional Model

Many previous assessments of the global hydrogen budget have used assumed global averages of temperatures and levels of key reactants to calculate the magnitudes of the various sinks. Dry deposition is by far the largest hydrogen sink but has not been considered in detail in previous estimates of the hydrogen budget. Simulations of hydrogen using a global three-dimensional Lagrangian chemistry-transport model and two different dry deposition schemes were compared with surface measurements. An improved dry deposition scheme which included the effects of soil moisture gave better agreement between the modelled hydrogen levels and surface measurements. The seasonal variation in the hydrogen levels was also simulated much more accurately with the new dry deposition scheme. The model results at high southern latitudes were insensitive to the relative partitioning of the sources between fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. The results indicate a global mean hydrogen dry deposition velocity of 5.3×10^–4 m s^–1 which is lower than the previously used 7×10^–4 m s^–1.     

Spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in soil water stable isotopic composition and its ecohydrologic implications in semiarid ecosystems

Spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in soil water content is recognized as a common phenomenon, but heterogeneity in the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of soil water, which can reveal processes of water cycling within soils, has not been well studied. New advances are being driven by measurement approaches allowing sampling with high density in both space and time. Using in situ soil water vapour probe techniques, combined with conventional soil and plant water vacuum distillation extraction, we monitored the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic composition of soil and plant waters at paired sites dominated by grasses and Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii) within a semiarid montane ecosystem over the course of a growing season. We found that sites spaced only 20 m apart had profoundly different soil water isotopic and volumetric conditions. We document patterns of depth‐ and time‐explicit variation in soil water isotopic conditions at these sites and consider mechanisms for the observed heterogeneity. We found that soil water content and isotopic variability were damped under Q. gambelii, perhaps due in part to hydraulic redistribution of deep soil water or groundwater by Q. gambelii in these soils relative to the grass‐dominated site. We also found some support for H isotope discrimination effects during water uptake by Q. gambelii. In this ecosystem, the soil water content was higher than that at the neighbouring Grass site, and thus, 25% more water was available for transpiration by Q. gambelii compared with the Grass site. This work highlights the role of plants in governing soil water variation and demonstrates that they can also strongly influence the isotope ratios of soil water. The resulting fine‐scale heterogeneity has implications for the use of isotope tracers to study soil hydrology and evaporation and transpiration fluxes to improve understanding of water cycling through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.     

被动型氢原子钟原子跃迁谱线特性分析

被动型氢原子钟原子跃迁谱线特性直接决定了整机的性能指标。本文理论分析了影响原子跃迁谱线特性的各项因素,并对3个主要影响因素进行了实验研究。