基于环境同位素技术的河水补给研究——以沈阳黄家傍河水源地为例

河水入渗补给是傍河水源地的主要补给来源,确定河水补给强度对于促进水源地长期安全的开采具有十分重要的意义。以沈阳黄家水源地为研究区,通过对比研究区河水、地下水的水化学及氢氧稳定同位素特征,分析了水源地地下水的补给来源及强度。结果表明:傍河水源地地下水主要接受河水的入渗补给和区域地下水的侧向补给;受河床沉积物和含水介质的岩性及结构在空间上的差异影响,河水入渗补给后在向地下水位漏斗中心流动的过程中具有浅层和深层两条地下水流路径,深层地下水与河水的水力联系更为紧密;河水对地下水的补给强度具有明显的时空变化特点,表现为雨季河水入渗强度明显大于旱季,并且随着与辽河距离的增加,水源地地下水获得的河水补给量呈逐渐减小的趋势。     

氢——地球深部流体的重要源泉

介绍了近年来金刚石包裹体中流体研究结果，特别是分子氢和羟基的发现。基于地幔中氢的发现，论证了氢在地球内部的赋存形式。地核和地幔中有氢化物存在得到高压低温实验、地球物理和天文物理测定的支持。从而提出，氢是地幔羽中的原始热物质。核幔边界或地幔中氢化物释放出的氢，发生化学反应，形成地幔流体，推动地球演化。地幔羽应称为氢羽。     

硅烷氢同位素分馏的理论计算

应用统计力学方法和较精确的非谐性校正，文章计算了硅烷在不同温度下的还原配分函数比，方程为：ｌｎβ＝－０．１６５９＋０．３６０３ｘ＋０．０４８９ｘ２以及硅烷与水和甲烷的氢同位素分馏方程：ｌｎαＳｉＨ４－Ｈ２Ｏ＝０．１５２３－０．４０６０ｘ＋０．０３１０ｘ２ｌｎαＣＨ４－ＳｉＨ４＝－０．１１５１＋０．２５８８ｘ－０．００２５ｘ２由于硅烷、甲烷中心原子电价相同，构型一致，对它们氢同位素分馏性质的对比讨论是很有意义的；同时，对增量法在氢同位素分馏计算中的应用进行了讨论     

Comparison of the Concentrations of Chemical Components in Cloudwater Samples Collected during Four Different Field Campaigns

In this study, the results of four different field experiments concerning the speciation of iron and the concentrations of some other chemical compounds in cloudwater samples are compared to one-another. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations were higher during campaigns, conducted at sites not much influenced by anthropogenic emissions as compared to those conducted at more polluted areas. In contrast, percentages of S(IV) in the cloudwater were lowest at the rural sites and highest at the sites polluted by human activities, indicating a consumption of hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation reaction with S(IV). The concentration of dissolved iron was observed to correlate with the percentage of S(IV), which may be an essential point for the reductive dissolution of oxidic iron compounds of the aerosol particles. As far as the speciation of the dissolved iron is concerned, it became obvious that the percentage of Fe(III) is anticorrelated to the concentration of dissolved iron. This clearly shows the important effect of the chemical and/or photo reductive ways of dissolving the iron(III)-compounds from the aerosol particles. However, a correlation between the pH-value and hydrogen peroxide was observed.     

氢在金刚石结构中的自陷模型

氢在金刚石结构中是自陷的。可以稳定存在的自陷形式有成键氢、反键心氢、键心氢及四面体空隙氢四种模型，而且氢在其中的相对稳定程度依上述顺序渐次递减。     

高峰100号矿体的氢、氧同位素特征

为了查明 10 0号矿体成矿溶液的性质 ,我们测定了样品中锡石和石英的氢、氧同位素组成 :δD石英 =- 11.8‰～ - 73.1‰ ,δ1 8O石英 =13.6‰～ 16 .2‰ ;δD锡石 =- 5 5 .8‰～ - 132 .3‰ ,δ1 8O锡石 =4.9‰～ 6 .6‰。综合分析相关的数据表明 ,10 0号矿体的成矿溶液是以岩浆水为主 ,加入了大气降水等其它混合水。     

氢氧同位素扩散动力学的实验研究

本文概述了氢氧同位素扩散交换动力学参数的两种研究方法 :1采用积分性质扩散方程的常规质谱分析方法 ;2采用微分性质扩散方程的离子探针分析方法。并对同位素交换实验设备、样品制备及实验技术等作了介绍。     

依兰-伊通断裂方正-萝北段氢气特征研究

为研究断裂与断层氢气间的关系，围绕依兰-伊通断裂方正-萝北段开展断层氢气浓度流动观测工作，得到该段断裂氢气浓度变化特征。结果表明:在时间尺度上，氢气浓度存在年变规律特征，主要受温度、湿度和微生物活动的影响，一年中夏季氢气浓度最高，春秋季最低；在空间尺度上，依兰-伊通断裂北段呈南低北高的分段性特征，氢气浓度高值地区对应地震活动较强的地区，低值地区对应地震活动较弱的地区，这与当前地震活动特征相符，说明断层氢气浓度与当前地震构造活动具有较好的耦合关系。     

Concentration of Peroxides and Formaldehyde in Air and Rain and Gas-Rain Partitioning

Rain and air of Florence have been collected in a continuous way andanalysed by flow analysis spectrofluorimetric methods for formaldehydeand hydrogen peroxide. Diurnal and seasonal variations were observed;the mean/maximum concentrations of all data (as gm^–3) are 3.3/23.4 for HCHO and 0.4/4.93 forH₂O₂. The effect of external sources and ofphotochemical reactions produces periods of positive and negativecorrelations for these compounds. The mean/maximum rain concentration ofall data are 98/443 g l^–1 for HCHO and 84/685 g l^–1 for H₂O₂. Concentrationratios rain/air and discrepancies to Henry's Law equilibrium arediscussed.     

延边地区浅成低温热液-斑岩型金矿成矿系列的氢、氧同位素特征

延边地区浅成低温热液-斑岩型金成矿系列的氢、氧同位素研究表明,δ(18O)=-10×10-3～+5×10-3,δ(D)=-120×10-3～-40×10-3。小西南岔金(铜)矿床早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,成矿晚期有少量大气降水的加入,为典型的斑岩型金铜矿床;刺猬沟、五凤金矿床成矿流体主要以大气降水为主,水岩作用比值W/R=0.2～2,为浅成低温热液型矿床;闹枝金矿床的成矿流体是介于上述两种类型之间的过渡型。