The structure and development of foredunes on a locally prograding coast: insights from ground-penetrating radar surveys, Norfolk, UK

The internal structure of coastal foredunes from three sites along the north Norfolk coast has been investigated using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), which provides a unique insight into the internal structure of these dunes that cannot be achieved by any other non‐destructive or geophysical technique. Combining geomorphological and geophysical investigations into the structure and morphology of these coastal foredunes has enabled a more accurate determination of their development and evolution. The radar profiles show the internal structures, which include foreslope accretion, trough cut and fill, roll‐over and beach deposits. Foredune ridges contain large sets of low‐angle cross‐stratification from dune foreslope accretion with trough‐shaped structures from cut and fill on the crest and rearslope. Foreslope accretion indicates sand supply from the beach to the foreslope, while troughs on the dune crest and rearslope are attributed to reworking by offshore winds. Bounding surfaces between dunes are clearly resolved and reveal the relative chronology of dune emplacement. Radar sequence boundaries within dunes have been traced below the water‐table passing into beach erosion surfaces. These are believed to result from storm activity, which erodes the upper beach and dunes. In one example, at Brancaster, a dune scarp and erosion surface may be correlated with erosion in the 1950s, possibly the 1953 storm. Results suggest that dune ridge development is intimately linked to changes in the shoreline, with dune development associated with coastal progradation while dunes are eroded during storms and, where beaches are eroding, a stable coast provides more time for dune development, resulting in higher foredune ridges. A model for coastal dune evolution is presented, which illustrates stages of dune development in response to beach evolution and sand supply. In contrast to many other coastal dune fields where the prevailing wind is onshore, on the north Norfolk coast, the prevailing wind is directed along the coast and offshore, which reduces the landward migration of sand dunes.     

云南会泽铅锌矿床构造控矿及断裂构造岩稀土元素组成特征

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床是川滇黔铅锌成矿区大型富铅锌矿床的典型代表,本文在研究矿区成矿地质背景,划分断裂构造岩类型及构造体系的基础上,提出ＮＥ构造带（华夏系）是会泽铅放离主要的成矿构造体系,概括了构造控矿特征,以控矿断裂带中的构造岩、矿及为主要研究对象,分析不同方向断裂的构造岩的稀土元素组成特征,按其特征和酝酿民分模式,将构造岩（矿石）划分为７种类型：Ｅｕ富集－开阔“Ｗ”型、Ｃｅ富集－Ｅｕ弱亏损－平缓型、平缓型、ＨＲＥＥ－ＬＲＥＥ较富集－开阔“Ｖ”字型、Ｅｕ强亏损－下斜型,Ｅｕ亏损－下斜型、Ｅｕ亏损－平缓型、其中ＮＥ向断裂带中的Ｃｅ富集－Ｅｕ弱亏损－平缓型与Ｅｕ富集－平缓型模式的构造岩是成矿预测的微观标志之一。     

地质作用的自组织临床界过程动力学：地质系统在温沌边缘分形生成（下）

笔者对复杂性科学中的自组织临界性、瞬态混沌、混沌边缘和弱混沌四大理论和研究领域就其发展现状和最近动态作用的巨大耗散动力学的时－空演化这个统一事物的本质的面面观。笔者进一步将四者的相互关系归纳成一个重要垢例题：自然界中开放、远离平衡、相互作用的巨大耗散动力学系统的时－空演化服从“自组织临界过程动力学”并且系统“在混沌边缘分形生长。”地 自然界中的一种既十分重要,又异常复杂的开放、远离平衡、相互作用的     

压磁套芯三维原地应力测量研究

压磁套芯解除法是20世纪50年代开始发展起来的原地应力测试技术。为了实现在单一钻孔中进行三维地应力测量研制了单孔全应力计。在简单介绍压磁全应力计结构和计算原理的基础上,通过现场测试,对在锦屏二级水电站地下厂房洞群区压磁套心解除3孔交汇法三维地应力测量和单孔三维地应力测量及水压致裂地应力测量进行了比较分析研究。测量结果表明,在探洞浅部,受局部地形影响,测点的应力分布主要受自重和地形地貌控制,形成特有的“V”型河谷岸坡内的局部应力状态,最大主应力为11 MPa左右,作用方向NNW基本近水平;在探洞深部地应力应力值较高,最大主应力为40 MPa左右,作用方向近直立;随水平埋深的增大最大主应力由近水平状态转变为近直立状态,说明在洞深部自重应力起主导作用。通过三种方法测量结果的对比分析,说明压磁套心解除单孔三维地应力测试技术与压磁套心解除3孔交汇法和水压致裂地应力测试技术具有相同测试精度。     

液压挖掘机振动掘削减阻机理研究

铲刃以振动的方式作用于土壤,可以有效地降低液压挖掘机挖掘作业时的阻力。从理论上研究了振动掘削岩土的减阻机理,土壤剪切试验结果表明,振动载荷能够使土壤的内摩擦角变小、抗剪强度下降、最大主应力值减小,从而导致挖掘阻力降低;对土壤在静态载荷和振动载荷作用下的失效过程进行了对比仿真实验研究,可知土壤在振动加载的条件下强度显著下降,并提前于相同条件的静态加载而破坏,同时跟踪X方向的载荷发现,振动掘削最大掘削阻力可降低50 %。     

北塘水库库底地层渗透系数的随机特性分析

为研究渗透系数的随机分布特征,以滨海平原水库也是南水北调调节及事故备用水库的北塘水库库底地层为研究对象,通过野外取样、室内达西渗透实验和颗粒分析实验等手段,获取了库底地层渗透系数的两组数据及其空间分布,借助于SPSS软件的P—P图以及单样本K-S检验,对渗透系数的空间随机分布进行了分析。结果表明,与正态分布相比较,北塘水库库底地层渗透系数更接近对数正态分布,这为库区渗漏量计算的可靠性分析、库底沉积物渗透系数的空间变异特征分析等奠定了基础。     

Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India

Deccan basalts of west-central India are hydrogeologically inhomogeneous rocks. A proper understanding of the physical framework of the basalts within which groundwater resides and moves is a key to the hydrogeology of these rocks. Two types of basalt, the vesicular amygdaloidal basalt and the compact basalt, occur as alternate layers in the volcanic pile. Although the rocks are generally inhomogeneous, structures in the basalt, such as sheet joints and vertical joints, serve as zones of groundwater flow. In the shallow subsurface, two groundwater systems are operative. Groundwater system A consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt underlain by a compact basalt, whereas groundwater system B consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt overlain by a compact basalt. Groundwater system A has a better developed network of openings and, as a consequence, this system has a higher transmissivity and storage coefficient than groundwater system B. Wells tapping groundwater system A have higher yields on average and irrigate more hectares of cropland than do wells tapping groundwater system B. This simple systems concept offers a practical methodology for understanding the geometry of the physical framework that contains groundwater in the Deccan basalts. The efficacy of the concept is in its widespread utility for the region. The concept may also be extrapolated to help understand the hydrogeology of deeper Deccan basalt groundwater systems.     

功能完善的水工实验数据采集控制分析软件包--GEDAP

GEDAP是加拿大科学院水力中心经多年开发改进推出的随机波浪和水工模型实验数据采集控制分析软件包,以功能齐全、方便灵活、运行可靠为特点.本文扼要介绍其结构、功能、应用环境、操作方法和特色.     

超大型海洋浮式结构物开发过程需要解决的关键技术问题

在我国研制和开发超大型海洋海式结构物（ＶＬＦＳ）对本世纪河北省工程的持续发展具有极为深远的战略意义。为了在我国研制和开发ＶＬＦＳ,首先必须要表楚在超大型海洋浮式结构物开发过程中需要解决的关键技术问题。本文通过对国际上大量文献的阅读和消化并经归纳和整理,从六个方面提出了需要研究解决的问题：（１）概念设计,（２）动力特性预报,（３）设计和建造,（４）可服役性、耐久性和可维性,（５）事故载荷和风险评估,     

海水液压传动技术及其在海洋开发中的应用

海水液压传动技术是国际上近年来为适应海洋开发而发展起来的一门新技术,是液压传动技术的一个重要发展方向,由于其抗燃性好,特别是和海洋环境相容、没有环境污染、效率高,而越来越受到人们的重视。本文主要论述海水液压传动技术的突出优越性,并介绍国内外关于海水液压传动技术的研究及在海洋开发中的应用情况,供我国海洋开发工作者参考．