YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机的研制与应用

根据我国矿产资源勘探开发现状,通过对国内外现有岩心钻机的对比分析,研制了YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机,其特点为高效、轻便、易搬运、模块化、全液压顶驱式。通过机电液测控技术、虚拟仪器技术、Internet网络技术,对钻机运行及钻进过程中相关数据进行采集、分析、处理,完成钻机故障诊断和故障处理、孔内工况识别和典型工况自动处理、钻进规程参数优化、远程数据传输及监控等任务目标,实现钻进过程自动化控制。钻机于2013年在山东省威海市进行了野外生产试验,展示出优良性能、高效率和高可靠性,取得了良好的经济技术效果。实践证明：YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机设计布局合理,性能优良,用途广泛,可靠性高,机械化程度高,制造质量总体水平高,对钻探工艺适应性强,是高山交通不便矿区勘探较为理想的新一代钻探设备。     

庆深气田深层钻完井配套技术

自庆深气田徐深1井取得深层天然气勘探重大突破以来,大庆油田步入了油气勘探开发并举阶段。2004—2010年完成123口井,平均井深4118 m、钻井周期141 d,钻井技术水平较低。虽然开展提速技术攻关取得一定效果,但仍然不能满足天然气快速增储上产的需求,还存在着固井后井口带压问题,急需深入开展钻完井技术攻关。自2011年起,借鉴国内外深层提速技术成果,分开次、分层段针对岩性特点制定提速对策,通过优化井身结构、优选高效PDC钻头、实验并自研液动旋冲和涡轮等新型提速工具,大幅度提高了深井钻井技术水平,2011—2013年完成19口井,平均井深4075 m、同比缩短钻井周期48.6 d;针对井口带压问题,综合分析其产生因素,开展系列技术研究,形成了防气窜固井配套技术,为深层天然气快速增储上产提供了支持和保障。     

全液压钻机油路板试验台设计及应用

为保证螺纹插装式油路板加工质量的可靠性,设计油路板试验台。试验台由数据采集控制系统和液压系统两部分组成。通过研究油路板单向阀泄漏量对压力损失和马达转速的影响规律,并对液控单向阀反向泄漏量分别进行自动和手动测试,验证了试验台测试结果的有效性和准确性,这为评估全液压钻机关键零部件加工质量、优化钻机液压系统设计提供了参考依据。     

瞬变电磁法感应电压场与B场探测效果的数值计算对比分析

本文通过一维和三维正演程序分别生成了回线源瞬变电磁法的感应电压场和B z场数据,并从多个角度对比了二者的探测效果。通过多个模型对比分析了这两种数据在当前主流硬件的数据采集精度下的最长有效延迟时间;通过全时视电导率计算与一维反演对比分析了两种数据的纵向分辨率和横向分辨率。结果表明,在本文采用的仪器精度水平和测量方式下,只有当模型中存在电导率≥0.036 S/m的高导异常体时,B z场的有效观测延迟时间才可能比感应电压场更长;B z场相比感应电压场虽然能够提前感知到地下异常体,但是在横向和纵向分辨率以及对异常体电导率的呈现程度上均比感应电压场差。在实际野外测量时,不建议仅开展B z场测量,而是在有条件情况下,同时采集感应电压场和B z场,充分利用感应电压场和B z场各自的优势,达到最佳的探测效果。     

水力压裂技术在豫西基岩地热井增产中的应用研究

地热资源是清洁能源,其开发利用主要通过钻井工程来实现。地热资源量（水量）大小决定着开发利用的价值。实际中,因地层等条件的复杂和不确定性,导致地热井出水量和温度不能达到预期的目标。特别是在山区基岩缺水地区地热资源开发,由于水量和温度指标偏低,严重影响了清洁能源的开发利用。本文结合工程实例,首次在豫西基岩严重缺水地区通过压裂车和钻井泵分段水力压裂技术,使低产地热井出水量增加3倍,达到了预期的目的。为今后基岩地区地热和地下水资源开发利用增产提供了借鉴。     

Anisotropic porothermoelastic solution and hydro‐thermal effects on fracture width in hydraulic fracturing

In this study, the effects of the temperature difference between hydraulic fracturing fluid and rock formation on the time‐dependent evolution of fracture width were investigated using a newly derived one‐dimensional anisotropic porothermoelastic analytical solution. The solution is shown to correctly reproduce existing solutions for special cases and corrections for an earlier publication are provided. An analysis of time‐dependent fracture width evolution using Woodford Shale data was also presented. It was found that when the fracturing fluid has the same temperature as the shale formation, the fracture gradually closes back after the initial opening due to the invasion of the fracturing fluid. Practically, in this scenario, proppants should be pumped into the fracture as soon as possible to obtain maximum fracture conductivity. On the other hand, with a fracturing fluid 60 °C colder than the formation, the thermal contraction of the rock dominates the fracture aperture evolution, resulting in a fracture aperture approximately 70% larger than that produced by the hotter fracturing fluid. Consequently, in this case, it is beneficial to delay proppant placement to take advantage of the widening fractures. Finally, it was found that the fracture aperture is directly controlled by the spacing of natural fractures. Therefore, the presence of natural fractures in the shale formation and their spacing influence not only the type of hydraulic fractures created but also what kind and size of proppants should be used to keep them open. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Response of landfill clay liners to extended periods of freezing

This paper presents the results of a physical model study of the performance of landfill clay cover liners subjected to extended freezing periods. Three proposed designs for a prototype cover liner were evaluated with a primary objective being the determination of frost penetration resulting from the sub-freezing temperatures imposed as an upper boundary condition to the model. The ultimate performance of the three liner designs were compared on the basis of frost penetration, leakage through the liner, and frost heave. The observed depth of frost penetration was compared to that predicted using a simplified analytical solution of the thermodynamic problem, in addition to measured field behavior.

The laboratory experiment utilizes a 1.8 m² tank, of ca 2.1 m depth. The tank is loaded with clay to the specifications required for landfill liners. Three different landfill cover liner designs were modeled in the experimental tank. The performance of the three designs, as measured by a variety of observations, were compared. Frost heave was measured for each design and was found to vary between 3.8 and 4.3 cm. The results indicate the depth of frost penetration was similar for all designs tested (29.2–31.7 cm), although the design which included a soil drainage layer had superior leakage performance.     

旋回阶梯底形的动力地貌及其相关沉积物发育特征

旋回阶梯(Cyclic Step)是一种与斜坡相关的、向上迁移的、具有周期性水跃特征的底形,广义上还包括了冲槽与冲坑。基于迎流面沉积作用和背流面侵蚀作用的主导程度可将其划分为主沉积型和主侵蚀型两类。旋回阶梯具有长波长的特征,其波高比通常大于10。海(湖)底旋回阶梯的形成与坡度有很大的关系,其坡度范围通常为0.25°~2°,很少超过10°。与该种底形相关的沉积具有不对称透镜状或匙状纵切面形态,主要以块状或递变沉积及后积层发育为主要特征,其中以超临界浊流沉积和大规模向上迁移的沉积物波最为典型。旋回阶梯底形广泛分布于世界上绝大多数沉积环境中,其地貌动力学和相关沉积学研究对于"源—汇"系统、过程—产物具有重要意义。     

谈液动冲击回转钻进技术在破碎岩层中运用

简要说明液动冲击回转钻进是一项投资少,见效快的先进适用的钻探技术,可大幅度提高钻探效率和经济效益,增加回次长度和岩矿芯采取率,并能减少孔内事故。     

水力作用下顺层岩质边坡稳定性分析

通过对顺层岩质边坡中地下水力作用进行分析,认为地下水力作用主要为沿结构面分布的裂隙水压力和拖拽力。分析了滑动破坏中的控稳优势结构面,认为该面上的张裂隙静水压力、滑动面扬压力以及拖拽力的大小均取决于后缘张裂隙的充水高度。将典型岩石边坡进行简化假设,利用简化后的边坡水力学分析模型,推导出边坡稳定系数和决定边坡稳定性的张裂隙充水临界高度的表达式。选取实际边坡进行分析和计算,验证了公式的合理性,结果表明地下水作用下边坡稳定系数的降低主要与静水压力有关,而渗透力的影响很小。