中国农村地区房屋结构及其脆弱性的分析(英文)

The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of rural houses. However, at present, available data on rural housing structure are incomplete and their spatial scales are inconsistent. This paper estimated the amount and ratio of rural houses in five structures, namely ’wood’, ’brick’, ’mixed’, ’reinforced concrete’, and ’other’, for 2380 counties across China. With the percent-age sampling census data in 2005, four accuracy levels were specified. Then, a set of down-scaling models were established, where the impact of climate, economic development level and ethnic minority cultural factors on rural housing structure, as well as the spatial autocorrelation of neighboring spatial units were considered. Based on the estimation results, a database of county-level rural housing structure was established, based on which the vul-nerability of rural houses in different areas was clarified.     

中国城市住宅价格的空间分异格局及影响因素

分别研究2009年中国286个地级以上城市住宅均价和房价收入比的空间分异格局、总体趋势、空间异质性和相关性;根据供需理论和城市特征价格理论建立了影响中国城市住宅价格空间分异的初选因素,并根据半对数模型分析主要影响因素。结果表明：① 中国城市住宅价格空间分异显著,呈现出空间集聚性分异（东南沿海三大城市群与内陆城市之间）和行政等级性分异（省会与地级市之间）的双重格局;② 房价收入比较高的城市数量更多,分布范围更广,购房难度较大的城市已超过一半;③ 住宅均价的总体分异趋势和空间异质性都强于房价收入比;④ 城市居民收入与财富水平和城市区位与行政等级特征是住宅价格空间分异的两大核心影响因素。     

商品住宅价格空间溢出效应测度及其影响因素分析——来自长三角地区的证据

商品房价格的空间溢出效应是当前学界探讨的重要议题,但鲜有研究基于区域视角测度并对比不同商品房价格空间溢出效应的差异。本文以长三角地区为例,基于GIS的空间计量模型尝试测度商品房价格的空间溢出效应,并进一步对比分析三种商品住宅（新住宅、二手住宅和租赁住宅）价格的空间溢出效应及其影响因素。结果表明（：1）上海、杭州和南京三个城市的商品住宅价格明显高于其他城市,说明其价格与城市的经济（行政）等级密不可分（;2）三种住宅价格均表现为由上海向内陆区域依次降低的空间规律,具有明显的空间等级性（;3）新住宅、二手住宅和租赁住宅价格的空间溢出效应依次减弱,但新住宅和二手住宅价格的溢出效应差别不大（;4）上海、苏州、南通和嘉兴四个城市处于高房价集聚区,该区域商品房价格与周边城市的商品住宅价格存在显著的空间溢出关系（;5）经济基础、消费需求和社会资源对三种商品住宅价格的空间溢出均具有显著的促进作用。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India . Rais Akhtar and A.T.A. Learmonth , eds . Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment . Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica. American Electoral Mosaics . J. Clark Archer and Fred M. Shelley . Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie . W.S. Barnard , ed . Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City . Yehoshua Ben -Arieh . The World as a Total System . Kenneth E. Boulding . A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed . John Burnett . Human Migration . W.A.V. Clark . Regional Population Projection Models . Andrei Rogers . The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus . David Coleman and Roger Schofield , eds . Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future . Joseph C. Corn , ed. Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú . Michael R. Dove . Glacial Geologic Processes . David Drewry . Physics of Desertification . Farouk El -Baz and M.H.A. Hassan , eds . Housing the Homeless . Jon Erickson and Charles Wilhelm , eds . Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map . Russel L. Gerlach . Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands . Yehuda Gradus , ed . Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks . Owen Greene , Ian Percival and Irene Ridge . The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City . Günter Heinritz and Elisabeth Lichtenberger , eds . Regional Input-Output Analysis . Geoffrey J. D. Hewings . Spatial Transportation Modeling . Christian Werner . The Atlas of Georgia . Thomas W. Hodler and Howard A. Schretter , eds . Latin America. 5th ed . Preston E. James and C.W. Minkel . Applied Remote Sensing . C.P. Lo . Localities, Class, and Gender . The Lancaster Regionalism Group . Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells . Stuart Lowe . Politics and Method . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan , eds . Land Use . A. S. Mather . The Kingdom of Coal . Donald L. Miller and Richard E. Sharpless . The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700 . Thomas H. Naylor and Charles W. Polzer , S.J., comps . and eds . Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety . Stan Openshaw . The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart . Thomas O'Toole . Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology . Márton Pécsi , ed . Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation . Floyd F. Sabins , Jr . Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States . Jurgen Schmandt and Hilliard Roderick , eds . Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology . M.J. Selby . International Migration: The Female Experience . Rita J. Simon and Caroline B. Brettell , eds . On Geography and Its History . D.R. Stoddart . Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach . D. Teodorovic . Processes in Physical Geography . R.D. Thompson , A.M. Mannion , C.W. Mitchell , M. Parry , J.R.G. Townshend . Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys . J.W. Trevett . Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets . Yi -Fu Tuan . Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century . James E. Vance , Jr . Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution . Edward Yourdon .     

Towards a genealogy of tropical architecture: Historical fragments of power‐knowledge,built environment and climate in the British colonial territories

In this paper, we trace the history of tropical architecture beyond its supposed founding moment, that is, its institutionalization and naming‐as‐such, in the mid‐twentieth century. We note that many of the planning principles, spatial configurations and environmental technologies of tropical architecture could be traced to knowledge and practices from the eighteenth century onwards, and we explore three pre‐1950s moments of ‘tropical architecture’ in the British empire through building types such as the bungalow, military barrack and labourers' housing in the tropics. Unlike the depoliticized technical discourse of tropical architecture in the mid‐twentieth century, this earlier history shows that so‐called tropical architecture was inextricably entangled with medical and racial discourses, biopolitics and the political economy of colonialism. We argue that tropical architecture should not be understood as an entity with a fixed essence that is overdetermined by a timeless and unchanging external tropical nature. Rather, tropical architecture should be understood as a set of shifting discourses that privilege tropical nature, especially climate, in various ways as the prime determinant of built form according to different constellations of sociocultural and technoscientific conditions. We thus see ‘tropical architecture’ not as a depoliticized entity but as a power‐knowledge configuration inextricably linked to asymmetrical colonial power relations.     

南京城市住宅小区房价增长模式与效应

房价增长与空间分异是近年来各界城市学者高度关注的理论问题,也是关乎城市居民能否实现住有所居和美好生活的现实问题。以南京3761个住宅小区（或居住组团）为研究对象,以2009-2017年间30个季度住宅交易样本数据为基础,探索了南京各类型住宅小区房价增长模式及差异。研究发现：① 南京城市平均房价以1年半为一个阶段,呈现出“快速增长”与“相对平稳”交替规律,房价的空间异质性增强;② 结合住宅小区价格水平、区位特征和建筑属性,综合识别出南京城区9种典型住宅类型;③ 各类型住宅因中心性、舒适性和稀缺性等空间属性差异使房价增长表现为引领型、跟随型、追涨型和独立型等不同模式;④ 城市资源空间配置不均衡作用下的住房供需矛盾和房价增长预期差异,是导致住宅类型间房价分异的根本原因。城市房价增长与住宅价格分化具有必然性,但过快增长和过度分异可能造成阶层家庭财富差距的扩大与再分化、住房负担过重排挤外来中低收入人口、贫困群体因住房置换难度增大而易被困于城市边缘等社会空间后果。因此,有必要强调住宅的居住属性和推进住房供给侧改革,促进城市住宅供给的公平充分和社会空间的健康可持续发展。