用远震接收函数研究滇西地区的深部结构

滇西地区地处欧亚板块碰撞或俯冲的边界地带，曾受到多期构造运动的影响，其地质环境和构造背景十分复杂，是我国地震活动比较活跃的地区之一. 本文选用国家、地方和流动数字台网的16个台站的远震记录. 其中PASSCAL甚宽频带流动地震台站4个，提取有效接收函数近2 000条. 两条测线的直线距离分别为650 km和450 km， 横切了滇西地区的一些主要构造单元. 研究表明，怒江断裂可能是一条具有俯冲性质的缝合线. 川滇菱形块体东西两侧的分界线¾红河断裂和小江断裂可能是直立的缝合线或碰撞带. 攀西构造带仍具有大陆裂谷的特征，即地表凹陷、上地幔隆起. 滇西地区的构造格局具有一定的规律性，造山带与缝合线相间分布. 滇西地区由北向南地壳厚度渐次减薄，S波速度整体偏低.      

安徽淮河构造变形带及邻近块体现代构造应力场特征

针对安徽省较特殊的构造环境及历史地震分布特点，利用直达波最大振幅比和系统聚类分析方法，在对安徽淮河中游区1974年以来近百个中小地震震源机制反演、聚类及空间合成的基础上，分析了华北断块南缘的安徽淮河构造变形带及邻近块体震源断层滑动方式、构造应力场分布及块体运动方式、应力场随时间变化等。结果显示：淮河构造变形带及其邻近块体上震源断层总体上以近走滑型或斜滑型破裂为主，但倾滑型破裂也占一定比例；该地区构造应力以水平作用为主，但也存在一定的垂向作用。其中淮北和皖中块体仍可能分别向SWW和NEE方向运动，并在淮河构造变形带上产生左旋剪切作用，呈现一定的继承性活动特征；各块(带)上主压应力P轴走向随时间的变化在总体上较为一致，而各时段之间P轴方位存在一定差异，显示安徽淮河中游区受华北和华南应力场的共同作用，但其地震活动可能主要受控于华北应力场。     

赣中(崇仁-东乡)重力场特征及其对温泉热源的控制

断裂构造能够引起重力场的异常分布，温泉热源的形成和空间展布主要受深大断裂、基底构造等地质因素控制。基于这一思路，根据该区重力资料，结合地质及其它地球物理资料对深部地质结构做了一些探讨。对重力资料进行了一些处理，挖掘深部地质信息，根据所得信息推断出了一些基底断裂，有一些是本次重力结果新发现的断裂。此外，还证实了前人已圈定的断裂构造，这些构造在控热、导热作用方面起着重要作用，深大断裂、基底构造它们交汇部位附近是寻找温泉热源的有利地区。     

神堂沟地热田形成与地质构造的关系

地热田的形成往往与地质构造有着千丝万缕的联系，神堂沟即是如此。笔者从地温场及水化学场的演变出发，揭示了地质构造F1断层、Fa边山断裂带及冶峪向斜的控温作用，它们共同贡献形成的集水“凹槽”是热水田存在的主导因素，而上覆第四系黄土盖层的保温隔热性能为其提供了保证，使神堂沟地热田在众多的边山断裂热水点中脱颖而出。     

云南省白竹箐-阳文山NE向构造带铅锌矿成矿地质条件及找矿方向

重点分析构造带的成矿地质条件，总结地层、构造、岩浆岩与矿床的关系，认为该地区具有寻找层控及热液改造型铅锌矿的远景，并指明找矿方向，根据化探异常及矿点分布的规律，圈定了找矿靶区。     

大跨度切眼锚网锚索支护研究

全煤大跨度切眼传统的支护方式是钢棚支护,为解决无轨胶轮车直接进入工作面,提高工作面设备安装效率,课题组进行锚网锚索支护试验与研究。该项目的试验成功,为矿井高产高效创造了条件。     

Assessment of predictions of the response of the Hualien containment model during forced vibration tests

Blind predictions for the response of the 1/4-scale reinforced concrete Hualien (Taiwan) containment model during forced vibration tests are compared with the observed data. The predictions obtained by the CLASSI approach reflect the experimental conditions prior to and after backfill of the soil surrounding the embedded foundation. The experimental data show a strong and unexpected coupling between the response in the NS and EW directions which is not present in the results for the axisymmetric theoretical models. Also, significant differences can be seen between the experimental responses in the two orthogonal horizontal directions which minimize cross-axis coupling. Although these differences are not accounted for in the theoretical models, the discrepancies between predictions and observations are within the uncertainty of the structural and geotechnical data. The obtained differences between predictions and observations give an excellent measure of the prediction error that can be expected in this type of analysis from uncertainty in the data. A detailed assessment of the initial structural and geotechnical data based on extensive comparisons with the results of previous identification studies is also presented. Finally, comparisons between the observed response and calculations based on revised models for the structure and the soil show that current methods of analysis can account accurately for the observed response.     

Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

In-plane and anti-plane strong shaking of soil systems and structures

The concept of in-plane and anti-plane shaking is introduced with a rigid block on a plane surface with Coulomb friction. Using a hypoplastic constitutive relation to model the mechanical behaviour of the soil, numerical solutions for a rigid block on a thin dry or saturated soil layer are obtained. The coupled nature of dynamic problems involving granular materials is shown, i.e. the motion of the block changes the soil state—skeleton stresses and density—which in turn affects the block motion. Motions of the block as well as soil response can be more realistically calculated by the new model. The same constitutive equation is applied to the numerical simulation of the propagation of plane waves in homogeneous and layered level soil deposits induced by a wave coming from below. Experiments with a novel laminar shake box as well as real seismic records from well-documented sites during strong earthquakes are used to verify the adequacy of the hypoplasticity-based numerical model for the prediction of soil response during strong earthquakes. The response of a homogeneous earth dam subjected to in-plane and anti-plane shaking is investigated numerically. In-plane and anti-plane shaking is shown to cause nearly the same spreading of a sand dam under drained conditions, whereas under undrained conditions anti-plane shaking causes stronger spreading of the dam. The dynamic behaviour of a breakwater founded on rockfill and soft clay during the 1995 Kobe earthquake is back-calculated to show the good performance of the proposed numerical model also with a structure. Section 9 deals with buildings on mattresses of densified cohesionless soils or fine-grained soils with granular columns, slopes with ‘hidden’ dams and structures on piles traversing clayey slopes to show the suitability of hypoplasticity-based models for the earthquake-resistant design and safety assessment of geotechnical systems.     

On the Incorporation of the Effect of Crustal Structure into Empirical Strong Ground Motion Estimation

This article has two purposes. Firstly, a validation exercise of the modal summation technique for the computation of synthetic strong-motion records is performed for two regions of Europe (Umbria-Marche and south Iceland), using a variety of region specific crustal structure models, by comparing the predicted ground motion amplitudes with observed motions. It is found that the rate of decay of ground motions is well predicted by the theoretical decay curves but that the absolute size of the ground motions is underpredicted by the synthetic time-histories. This is thought to be due to the presence of low-velocity surface layers that amplify the ground motions but are not included in the crustal structure models used to compute the synthetic time-histories. Secondly, a new distance metric based on the computed theoretical decay curves is introduced which should have the ability to model the complex decay of strong ground motions. The ability of this new distance metric to reduce the associated scatter in empirically derived equations for the estimation of strong ground motions is tested. It is found that it does not lead to a reduction in the scatter but this is thought to be due to the use of crustal structure models that are not accurate or detailed enough for the regions studied. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.