滁州市不可移动文物管理信息系统设计和实现

以滁州市为例,在WebGIS技术支持下,通过设计和实现不可移动文物普查与管理数据库、地图基本操作、空间查询分析、文物风险评估以及文物信息输出等功能,改进文物普查与管理工作的方法和手段,提高管理工作的效率和信息化水平,为科研及文物普查管理部门提供辅助决策支持的新思路和新方法.     

汶川地震对湖北地震活动趋势的影响

探讨汶川地震对湖北地震活动的影响,认为龙门山断裂带与襄樊-广济构造带同属于扬子板块西部和北部边缘,是扬子板块逆冲插入青藏板块和秦岭微板块之下形成的。历史强震统计结果表明,四川中西部及周边强震活动对湖北及周边地区中强地震活动影响明显,且对应率较高。汶川地震后3年内,湖北及周边地区具有发生中等强度地震的可能。同时也指出,近几年湖北及周边的地震活动是汶川地震前期东部地区应力场调整的结果。     

Impacts of alien ‘ecosystem engineers’ overwhelm interannual and seasonal shifts in rocky-shore community composition on Marcus Island,South Africa

The South African coastline has been invaded by numerous alien species. Rare pre-invasion (1980) and post-invasion datasets (2001 and 2012) exist for Marcus Island, a small land-tied island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. These snapshot datasets of the island’s intertidal invertebrate community were complemented with monitoring across seasons, from 2014 to 2016. Invertebrate communities were compared among the summers of 1980, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess interannual differences, while invertebrates and algae were monitored quarter-annually to assess seasonal changes. In addition, the population dynamics of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were monitored. Differences in invertebrate communities between consecutive summers were significant but much smaller than changes induced by the arrival of alien species. Invertebrate and seaweed communities differed among years and shore zones but not among seasons, whereas species diversity differed among years, seasons and shore zones, with zones having the strongest influence. The invasion by M. galloprovincialis, and ensuing spatial and temporal variability in its recruitment, emerged as the most important factor influencing community composition, overshadowing interannual and seasonal changes. This work highlights that the impacts of alien species can be distinguished from natural variability by combining long-term monitoring with surveys at finer temporal scales. This is an important step in extending our understanding of the impacts of marine alien species.     

中国近海生态环境变化的同位素示踪研究

同位素在确定物质来源、指示生物地球化学循环路径、定量生物地球化学过程速率等方面具有独特的优势,本文以近海生态环境变化研究中常用的稳定同位素（13C、15N、18O）和放射性核素（14C、234Th、232Th、230Th、228Th、210Po、210Pb、137Cs、226Ra、228Ra、224Ra、223Ra）为对象,介绍它们在揭示海洋有机质来源、食物网结构、水体缺氧机制、氮循环过程、颗粒动力学、海底地下水输入、有机地球化学过程、沉积年代学等方面的应用,侧重于总结我国近海生态环境研究中同位素示踪取得的进展。伴随着我国经济的发展,近百年来我国近海生态环境也发生了明显的变化,基于同位素示踪揭示的近海富营养化和沉积环境的演变规律表明,我国近海生态环境自20世纪50年代起经历持续的变化,特别是在过去20~30年时间里,近海生态环境的变化尤为剧烈,反映出人类活动是我国近海生态环境变化的主要驱动力。未来需要通过发展新的同位素技术及拓展更广泛的应用,围绕近海海洋生态环境变化的突出问题,重点揭示近海生态环境变化的响应特征、变化速率和作用机制,从而系统地掌握近海生态环境的时空变化规律。     

南海蜑螺科一新记录属和一新记录种记述 (软体动物门:腹足纲:珍珠蜑螺目)

作者在整理中国科学院海洋生物标本馆馆藏蜑螺科Neritidae标本时,鉴定出产自海南三亚的一新记录属饰纹蜑螺属Vittina Baker,1924和一新记录种：裂蜑螺Vittina pennata（von Born,1778）。文中详细描述了本种的贝壳形态特征,查明了其生活习性和地理分布特点,并与相似种进行了比较和总结。     

双台子河口重金属污染的沉积记录

根据双台子河口沉积柱中微量金属的含量及沉积物的粒度参数,结合137Cs放射性比活度精确定年,研究了双台子河口的沉积速率和重金属的污染变化特征,并利用地累积指数法评价了重金属的污染程度。137Cs计年的结果表明,沉积柱的平均沉积速率为1.3cm/a。沉积物的粒径从底层向表层逐渐变细,反映了水动力条件的减弱。绝大多数重金属的含量基本上都是自底部向上逐渐增加。重金属元素与细粒沉积物(63μm)均具有较好的正相关性,说明细粒物质对重金属具有较高的吸附能力。采用地累积指数对沉积柱中重金属元素的垂向变化进行了评价,发现除Cd元素外,大部分元素均未受到污染(Igeo0)。推测Cd的污染可能主要与20世纪90年代起至今人类活动对双台子河口产生的影响逐渐增加有关。     

陈代光教授对岭南历史地理研究的贡献

陈代光教授是我国一位著名历史地理学者.文章主要论述其在岭南广州、港澳、雷州等城市、南海海上丝绸之路交通、区域历史地理、广东历史地图集编纂、地名、中国历史地理教材建设、历史地理人才培养,以及历史地理为社会经济发展服务等方面的学术成就和重要贡献,以作为对陈代光教授的一种纪念,同时唤起社会各界对这门又古又今、既要看书、又要走路的学科的关注.     

北大西洋地区气候准20年周期的观测和模拟分析

北大西洋地区除了存在约70 a周期的AMO（Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation,北大西洋年代际振荡）之外,历史长期气候记录中英格兰温度（Central England Temperature,CET）与格陵兰冰芯净雪累计率还存在显著的20 a周期波动。本研究利用CCSM4（Community Climate System Model version 4）耦合模式工业革命前控制试验（piControl）结果中的海表面温度（Sea Surface Temperature,SST）,通过10～50 a带通滤波与扩展经验正交函数（Extended Empirical Orthogonal Function,EEOF）分解,得到在北大西洋副极地海区存在准20 a振荡的逆时针旋转模态。此周期与其临近地区的CET、格陵兰冰芯净雪累计率的准20 a振荡周期相吻合,说明这种北大西洋副极地海区准20 a振荡的海洋模态与其临近地区的大气准20 a振荡之间可能存在相应的联系。进一步利用CAM4（the Community Atmosphere Model version4）大气模式,以北大西洋副极地海区准20 a振荡SST旋转模态为强迫场进行敏感性试验,进一步验证了这种联系。     

1958-2017年太湖蒸发量年际变化趋势及主控因子

湖泊蒸发对气候变化非常敏感,是水文循环响应气候变化的指示因子,因此研究湖泊蒸发的控制因素,对于理解区域水文循环有重要意义.本文利用太湖中尺度涡度通量网避风港站观测数据校正JRA-55再分析资料,驱动CLM4.0-LISSS模型,并利用2012-2017年涡度相关通量数据和湖表面温度数据检验模型模拟蒸发结果,验证了该模型在太湖的适用性;估算了1958-2017年间太湖的湖面蒸发量,并利用Manner-Kendall趋势检验分析了湖面蒸发的变化趋势,寻找太湖实际蒸发的年际变化的主控因子.结果如下:校正后的JRA-55再分析资料模拟的太湖蒸发与观测值之间存在季节偏差,但是季节偏差在年尺度上相互抵消,再分析资料可用于年际尺度太湖蒸发变化的模拟;1958-2017年间太湖蒸发量以1977年为界,先下降(-3.6 mm/a),后增加(2.3 mm/a);多元逐步回归结果表明,向下的短波辐射是太湖1958-2017年间太湖蒸发变化的主控因子,向下的长波辐射、气温、比湿也对湖泊蒸发年际变化有一定影响,但是风速对蒸发量的年际变化影响不大.     

Passive microwave remote sensing of the historic February 2010 snowstorms in the Middle Atlantic region of the USA

The snowfall in the Baltimore/Washington metropolitan area during the winter of 2009/2010 was unprecedented and caused serious snow‐related disruptions. In February 2010, snowfall totals approached 2 m, and because maximum temperatures were consistently below normal, snow remained on the ground the entire month. One of the biggest contributing factors to the unusually severe winter weather in 2009/2010, throughout much of the middle latitudes, was the Arctic Oscillation. Unusually high pressure at high latitudes and low pressure at middle latitudes forced a persistent exchange of mass from north to south. In this investigation, a concerted effort was made to link remotely sensed falling snow observations to remotely sensed snow cover and snowpack observations in the Baltimore/Washington area. Specifically, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer onboard the Aqua satellite was used to assess snow water equivalent, and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B and Microwave Humidity Sounder were employed to detect falling snow. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer passive microwave signatures in this study are related to both snow on the ground and surface ice layers. In regard to falling snow, signatures indicative of snowfall can be observed in high frequency brightness temperatures of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐B and Microwave Humidity Sounder. Indeed, retrievals show an increase in snow water equivalent after the detection of falling snow. Yet, this work also shows that falling snow intensity and/or the presence of liquid water clouds impacts the ability to reliably detect snow water equivalent. Moreover, changes in the condition of the snowpack, especially in the surface features, negatively affect retrieval performance. Copyright © 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.