三维激光扫描技术在古建筑测绘中的应用

三维激光扫描测绘技术在古建筑测绘中的应用已渐趋成熟。全文介绍了三维激光扫描技术的工作原理,详细介绍了建立市政府6号楼三维模型的应用步骤,通过与传统测量手段获取的数据相比较,充分肯定了该技术在古建筑测绘类项目中应用的可行性及优势,三维激光扫描测绘技术在古建筑测量领域具有巨大的技术优势和应用价值。     

古湖沼学研究揭示湖泊生态系统服务变化的过程

当今在气候变化和人类活动等多重压力影响下,作为地表过程重要组成部分的湖泊生态系统正遭受着巨大威胁,其服务功能急剧退化.如何客观地评价湖泊生态系统服务的现状,并科学地预测其发展趋势,是当前亟待解决的问题.开展长期生态系统服务变化过程与机理的分析,有助于未来生态系统服务变化趋势的预测.然而,现有的观测数据往往时间较短(通常小于50年).连续的湖泊沉积记录为研究生态系统服务变化的长期过程提供了可能.本文结合前人研究成果,列举了可反映湖泊生态系统服务变化的一些古湖沼学指标,依据这些指标相对明确的生态和环境指示意义,将其与各项服务关联起来.最后,结合巢湖实例分析来说明这些指标在评估湖泊生态系统服务方面的具体应用,研究表明当今巢湖生态系统服务供应能力的持续增加是以调节服务的丧失为代价的.尽管目前的研究尚处于起步阶段,但古湖沼学手段无疑为今后湖泊生态系统服务历史状况的评估提供了途径,为古湖沼学的应用提供了一种新的思路,并为今后生态系统的保护和可持续利用提供重要的决策依据.     

东莞市历史建筑数字化保护研究

本文通过对东莞市获批的278处历史建筑的现场调研,采用无人机、三维激光扫描等空问信息技术实现信息采集和数字化建库,结合数字化管理平台与公众服务系统全方位展示和传播东莞市历史建筑的文化价值.旨在探索数字化技术与历史建筑保护相结合的新模式,为传统文化资源的保存、保护、活化利用及传播提供新思路,从而推动历史建筑保护管理工作向...     

Climate change analysis on historical watershed‐scale precipitation by means of long‐term dynamical downscaling

A methodology based on long‐term dynamical downscaling to analyse climate change effects on watershed‐scale precipitation during a historical period is proposed in this study. The reliability and applicability of the methodology were investigated based on the long‐term dynamical downscaling results. For an application of the proposed methodology, two study watersheds in Northern California were selected: the Upper Feather River watershed and the Yuba River watershed. Then, precipitation was reconstructed at 3‐km spatial resolution and hourly intervals over the study watersheds for 141 water years from 1 October 1871 to 30 September 2012 by dynamically downscaling a long‐term atmospheric reanalysis dataset, 20th century global reanalysis version 2 by means of a regional climate model. The reconstructed precipitation was compared against observed precipitation, in order to assess the applicability of the proposed methodology for the reconstruction of watershed‐scale precipitation and to validate this methodology. The validation shows that the reconstructed precipitation is in good agreement with observation data. Moreover, the differences between the reconstructed precipitation and the corresponding observations do not significantly change through the historical period. After the validation, climate change analysis was conducted based on the reconstructed precipitation. Through this analysis, it was found that basin‐average precipitation has increased significantly over both of the study watersheds during the historical period. An upward trend in monthly basin‐average precipitation is not significant in wet months except February while it is significant in dry months of the year. Furthermore, peak values of basin‐average precipitation are also on an upward trend over the study watersheds. The upward trend in peak basin‐average precipitation is more significant during a shorter duration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The desertification and its rehabilitation inSongnen Sandy Land

IntroductionSongnenSandyLand,locatedinnorthWestofNortheastChinaplain,belongstosub-htaldmeedow-chemozemzoneanditSthedamntallandformisthefluvialplaincoveredbydunes.ThelinefromtheSecondSonghuamvernmningtbrOughtothelowerreachesoftheHuolinmver(i.e.Taolaizhao-Qian'an-Taonan)isthenasthesouthboundaryofthesandylandwhichisnearthenoItheaStofHorqinSandyLandWhilethelinealongNehe1indha-AndaThaomp-TaolaitheoistakenastheeaStboundary.Withalengthof38okinfromnorthtosouthtalwidthof26okInfromwesttoeasLth…     

历史时期乌兰布和沙漠北部的环境变迁

乌兰布和沙漠北部在先秦时期即已形成沙漠,由于黄河及屠申泽等水分条件的影响,当时尚存在着几处绿洲,西汉临戎等3座县城就建立在这些绿洲上。其后,由于黄河干流改道,屠申泽干涸,导致了绿洲的沙漠化。     

刘鸿允教授的《中国古地理图》和他对古地理学的贡献

刘鸿允教授的代表作《中国古地理图》自1955年正式出版至今已43年。虽然在其后,随着我国地质工作向纵深的发展,在系统性、科学性、准确性等方面都有很大改进的古地理图     

Astrotomography

Even in the new millenium, many astronomical objects cannot be resolved spatially with any available telescope. Most stars are too small and galaxies are too far away to be imaged directly or in detail in the foreseeable future. However, advances in data‐analysis techniques allow us now to create detailed indirect images using tomographic methods. These images provide unprecedented insights into fundamental processes that drive the evolution of stars and galaxies, such as accretion and magnetic‐field generation, on length scales that are of great physical importance but which are otherwise inaccessible. Here we present a collection of papers on recent progress in astrotomography, all of which were presented at Joint Discussion 09 of the XXV General Assembly of the IAU in Sydney, during July 2003. The online edition of the journal contains several illustrative movies for free download. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

地震史料的数字化处理——以《20世纪山东十大地震》画册编辑为例

原始性地震资料(史料)蕴涵着大量的地震科学信息.针对目前原始性地震资料(史料)存储的分散、纸介质老化破损、无法进行计算机网络发布和传播等问题,本项目在广泛收集20世纪山东及近海10次5级以上地震的原始性地震资料(史料)的基础上,采用数字摄影、计算机数字化扫描技术、计算机图像编译等技术,借以形成原始性地震资料(史料)的计算机数字化图像文件;同时将原始性地震资料(史料)的发掘、抢救与地震基本现象、基本知识的归类整合相结合,将原始性地震资料(史料)计算机数字化电子载体存储与地震科普相结合,编制出《20世纪山东十大地震》画册,解决了原始性地震资料(史料)由纸介质存储向数字化电子载体存储的技术进步问题,实现了计算机网络发布和传递.     

历史地震档案资料在防震减灾中的应用

介绍了历史档案资料在防震减灾中的意义和中国近50年来在整理历史地震资料方面所做的工作及历史地震档案资料在工程地震及地震烈度区划中的应用。