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分析了现有灾异史料所覆盖时段(1803-1958年)西藏水灾的时空变化特征。研究指出:①1803-1958年,西藏水灾发生(县)次数波动比较大;19世纪40-80年代为西藏的水灾多发期;1924、1954年为严重水灾发生年;②西藏水灾空间分布差异显著,主要分布在“一江两河”地区。其中,日喀则、山南地区的水灾(县)次最多,其次为拉萨市、林芝地区,昌都、阿里、那曲地区则水灾发生相对较少;③高强度的持续降水为西藏水灾发生的关键诱导因子,河流暴涨、漫溢、改道为重要媒体,山崩、雪崩、山洪及泥石流等要素为特定地貌条件下的主要致灾因子,雹灾、地水上涌等也是不容忽视的致灾因子;④19世纪40-80年代西藏气候湿润。 相似文献
55.
由炉霍,道孕,乾宁三条次级断裂左阶斜列组合而成的鲜水河断裂带的北西段。在断裂左旋走滑运动中,普遍出现断裂的枢纽运动。在产生的枢纽轴部,是强震发生的最佳地质的构造部位。近代发生的1973年炉霍7.6级地震,1023年炉堆道孕间介促7.3级地震,1893年乾宁7.3级地震,都分别发生在断裂的枢纽轴部,审由于枢纽部易于造成闭锁的结果。 相似文献
56.
Historically, large and potentially hazardous earthquakes have occurred within the interior of Alaska. However, most have not been adequately studied using modern methods of waveform modeling. The 22 July 1937, 16 October 1947, and 7 April 1958 earthquakes are three of the largest events known to have occurred within central Alaska (M
s
=7.3,M
s
=7.2 andM
s
=7.3, respectively). We analyzed teleseismic body waves to gain information about the focal parameters of these events. In order to deconvolve the source time functions from teleseismic records, we first attempted to improve upon the published focal mechanisms for each event. Synthetic seismograms were computed for different source parameters, using the reflectivity method. A search was completed which compared the hand-digitized data with a suite of synthetic traces covering the complete parameter space of strike, dip, and slip direction. In this way, the focal mechanism showing the maximum correlation between the observed and calculated traces was found. Source time functions, i.e., the moment release as a function of time, were then deconvolved from teleseismic records for the three historical earthquakes, using the focal mechanisms which best fit the data. From these deconvolutions, we also recovered the depth of the events and their seismic moments. The earthquakes were all found to have a shallow foci, with depths of less than 10 km.The 1937 earthquake occurred within a northeast-southwest band of seismicity termed the Salcha seismic zone (SSZ). We confirm the previously published focal mechanism, indicating strike-slip faulting, with one focal plane parallel to the SSZ which was interpreted as the fault plane. Assuming a unilateral fault model and a reasonable rupture velocity of between 2 and 3 km/s, the 21 second rupture duration for this event indicates that all of the 65 km long SSZ may have ruptured during this event. The 1947 event, located to the south of the northwest-southeast trending Fairbanks seismic zone, was found to have a duration of about 11 seconds, thus indicating a rupture length of up to 30 km. The rupture duration of the 1958 earthquake, which occurred near the town of Huslia, approximately 400 km ENE of Fairbanks, was found to be about 9 seconds. This gives a rupture length consistent with the observed damage, an area of 16 km by 64 km. 相似文献
57.
本文对赛里木湖风景区开展了系统深入的野外考察研究,表明该区风景名胜资源别具异彩,不愧为“西来之异境”世外之灵壤”。 相似文献
58.
汕头市历史地震影响烈度的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文将所论地震事件视为随机事件。按全概率定理分析了地震对场地的地震动影响(A)和超越给定值的概率P:对地震烈度序列进行了极值统计分析,得到汕头市地震平均重现期及其对应的烈度值。 相似文献
59.
Xue-Ze Wen 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(4):993-1004
Spatial distribution of sources of strong and large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault zone in eastern Yunnan is studied according
to historical earthquake data. 7 segments of relatively independent sources or basic units of rupture along the fault zone
have been identified preliminarily. On every segment, time intervals between main historical earthquakes are generally characterized
by “time-predictable” recurrence behavior with indetermination. A statistic model for the time intervals between earthquakes
of the fault zone has been preliminarily established. And a mathematical method has been introduced into this paper to reckon
average recurrence interval between earthquakes under the condition of having known the size of the last event at a specific
segment. Based on these, ranges of the average recurrence intervals given confidence have been estimated for events of various
sizes on the fault zone. Further, the author puts forward a real-time probabilistic model that is suitable to analyze seismic
potential for individual segments along a fault zone on which earthquake recurrence intervals have been characterized by quasi-time-predictable
behavior, and applies this model to calculate conditional probabilities and probability gains of earthquake recurring on the
individual segments of the Xiaojiang fault zone during the period from 1991 to 2005. As a consequence, it has shown that two
parts of this fault zone, from south of Dongchuan to Songming and from Chengjiang to Huaning, have relatively high likelihoods
for strong or large earthquake recurring in the future.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 322–330, 1993. 相似文献
60.
Michael Silberbauer 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(5):726-734
ABSTRACTNational and regional water quality monitoring networks have been operated in South Africa since the early 1970s. These originally had text-based inventories that were convenient for specialists who were familiar with the national networks and knew the locations of their sites of interest. However, within two decades the networks had expanded in geographical extent and variables monitored to such an extent that users needed spatial context in order to locate sites that fitted their information requirements. Mapping applications running on the Internet, such as Google Earth and Leaflet, form the foundation of a system for providing online inventories and summaries of the data available on the water quality database. The interfaces were constructed using available software, mainly ArcInfo and R. A recent concern is a decrease in the collection of water quality data, which is reducing the value of data summaries for water resource management. 相似文献