Revising macroseismic data in Switzerland: The December 20, 1720 earthquake in the region of Lake Constance

Upgrading the Earthquake Catalog of Switzerland (ECOS) included revising the earthquake of 1720. This change has major importance for history and seismology.Although that quake has been the subject of several publications, none was based on critical methods. This re-evaluation of the event is built upon a new and more reliable database established after investigating archives and libraries. Using data from such historical sources, we assigned new site intensities, adopting the criteria established by the European macroseismic scale EMS 98 (Grünthal, 1998).We discovered that the event had been assigned an overestimated intensity, due to interpretation errors in former earthquake catalogs and compilations. We recommend reducing the intensity from I₀= VIII to I₀= VI (EMS 98). The moment magnitude is given as M_W= 4.6. Since the event had been considered the largest for its respective area, downgrading it now will influence the seismic hazard assessment for this region.     

Average recurrence intervals of strong earthquakes and potential risky segments along the Taiyuan-Linfen portion of the Shanxi graben system

Introduction In AD 1303, the great Hongtong, Shanxi, earthquake of magnitude 8 caused a very serious disaster, which killed over one hundred thousands people at least (Department of Earthquake Dis- *aster Prevention, State Seismological Bureau, 1995). On the occasion of commemorating this ca-tastrophe having occurred for 700 years, we have important problems that need to be answered: How long the average recurrence interval of the grea…     

Some Morphological Aspects and Hydrological Characterization of the Tagus Floods in the Santarém Region, Portugal

In Portugal, few studies have been made of the historical floods of the RiverTagus (the longest in the Iberian Peninsula). This fact led to the study of theLower Tagus (Santarém region) using written historical documents,cartographic documents and hydrological data, consisting mainly of waterlevel records. With the support of the historical documents and the analysisof all the maps, it was possible to verify that the human intervention has beenfundamental in the morphological changes of the Tagus' channel. It becameaware that the river changed from a braided to a single channel with alternatebars. From the hydrological data, return periods for the floods were determined,using the Pearson Type 3 distribution. The selection of the most important floods,from 1855 to 1998, enabled to build a ``flood hazard scale' for this region.     

塔里木盆地南缘历史时期气候环境变化的过程与特征

根据塔里木盆地南缘具较高分辨率的湖沼相沉积物碳酸盐δ^13C和粒度等记录，恢复出2162-850BC期间为一相对稳定的温暖干旱时期，之后迅速转冷湿，湿润程度呈持续、阶段式增加，50 BC至500 AD期间呈现的显著冷湿特征于550 AD之后突变转暖干而结束。550 AD和1000 AD前后的具突变性质的气候事件在南疆地区近2．0ka的气候变化中具有重要意义，反映气候状况有过重大调整。850—1300AD期间(相当于中世纪温暖期)冷暖、干湿多变，但温暖特征并不明显。特别是1100—1200AD期间气候快速、频繁变化之后，奠定了本地区现代稳定干旱环境特征。区域对比表明，尼雅剖面记录的气候变化具有广泛的区域一致性。     

THE U.S. MILITARY AS GEOGRAPHICAL AGENT: THE CASE OF COLD WAR ALASKA*

ABSTRACT. Alaska was strategically key to the U.S. defense plan during the cold war (1946–1989). As such, it was the scene of an enormous and sustained military investment, the effect of which was amplified by Alaska's undiversified economy, sparse development, small resident population, and marginalized political status at the beginning of the era. The strong military presence affected Alaskan demographics, economic development, and infrastructure and figured prominently in the admission of Alaska to the union in 1959. The high profile and long‐term presence of the U.S. military had such a dramatic affect on the course of Alaska that the result was tantamount to a “militarized landscape.”     

程裕淇主编《中国地层典》记失

文章列数了《中国地层典》5个方面的重要失误:不是中国地层名称全览性的工具书,急于采用处于争议中的术语,大量地层单位名称的出处因考证不到位而形成张冠李戴,采用的历史优先律不是国际共识,在编撰过程中建立新名称。文章用选出的泰山杂岩、滹沱系、秦岭片岩和仑山石灰岩4个名称为例说明《中国地层典》对其出处的考证不到位,进而论证《中国地层典》的诸多解释可信度低。文章严肃地指出“历史优先律”给中国地层学造成的不良后果:它破坏了地层命名法的标准性,颠倒了中国地层命名史,干扰了中国地层名称的管理。     

闽东北地区的历史地震调查

以闽东北地区为例,阐述了重大建设工程场地历史地震调查的新思路和研究内容:① 根据地区文化发展史和灾异记载状况,进行地震资料完整性考证;② 由实际记载资料进行历史地震影响状况评价,并复核确认破坏性地震的震中位置和强度. 按照这种新的技术思路开展研究工作,能够对历史地震调查赋予文化历史和可信时间域的内涵,增强了研究结果的科学性. 其目的在于促进历史地震调查更好地服务于工程建设.      

GIS与历史地理学

本文初步分析了传统历史地理学存在的缺陷,GIS的快速发展为历史地理学提供了机遇;阐述了GIS在历史地理学中应用取得的成效、存在的问题和发展趋势,并就GIS与历史地理学如何更好的结合提出了几点对策。     

南粤古驿道历史建筑数字化保护与VR场景构建

南粤古驿道遗留了众多文化遗产,具有较高的历史、艺术、科学价值,但历史建筑损坏较为严重.为推进南粤古驿道活化利用,本文采用精细三维建模技术与虚拟现实(VR)技术实现了南粤古驿道的数字化保护.首先对南粤古驿道遗址进行了分析,然后从数据采集、点云数据处理、几何模型加工、纹理贴图等方面阐述对历史遗迹进行精细三维建模和VR场景构...