Formulation of risk-targeted seismic action for the force-based seismic design of structures

A risk-targeted design spectral acceleration and the corresponding seismic design action for the force-based design of structures is introduced by means of two formulations. The first one called direct formulation utilizes the seismic hazard function at the site of the structure. Because the seismic action defined in the codes is often associated with a designated return period, an indirect formulation is also introduced. It incorporates a risk-targeted safety factor that can be used to define a risk-targeted reduction factor. It is shown that the proposed formulations give analogical results and provide an insight into the concept of the reduction of seismic forces for the force-based seismic design of structures if the objective is defined by a target collapse risk. The introduced closed-form solution for the risk-targeted reduction factor can be used to investigate how the target collapse risk, the seismic hazard parameters, the randomness of the seismic action, and the conventional parameters (ie, the overstrength factor and the deformation and energy dissipation capacity) affect the seismic design forces in the case of force-based design. However, collaborative research is needed in order to develop appropriate models of these parameters. In the second part of the paper, the proposed formulations are demonstrated by estimating the risk-targeted seismic design action for a six-storey reinforced concrete building. By verifying the collapse risk of the designed structure, it is demonstrated that the risk-targeted seismic action, in conjunction with a conventional force-based design, provided structure with acceptable performance when measured in terms of collapse risk.     

基于eZ80F91 Flash微控制器前兆仪器的嵌入式以太网接口的设计与应用

介绍了利用eZ80F91 Flash微控制器实现地震前兆仪器的网络化功能的方法,提出了一种微控制器与前兆仪器的嵌入式连结方案,满足了前兆仪器网络化的要求。     

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Estimation of seismic hazard parameters in TERESA test areas

A general overview of some of the problems involved in earthquake catalogue handling is given as part of the works carried out into the ESC/SC8-TERESA project related with the seismic hazard assessment in two selected test areas: Sannio-Matese in Italy and the northern Rhine region (BGN). Furthermore, the necessary input data to be used in the calculation of seismic hazard has been obtained, including earthquake source zones and their seismic hazard parameters.The importance is pointed out of detailed analysis of seismic catalogues, mainly in relation to the use of aftershock information, the historical records of the region, and the possible temporal and spatial variation of seismicity, which could have an important influence on short-term hazard assessment.     

测震台卫星设备维护与问题的解决

在日常工作当中,由于卫星地面传输设备故障造成的数据传输中断以及解决办法,同时就卫星信号地面传输设备的维护办法做出了详细总结,从而实现卫星测震台低故障率,为地震速报工作提供有力保障。     

2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震对周围断层的应力影响数值分析

大地震的发生往往会引起周围区域形变场和应力场变化,且对临近断层上的应力状态也有影响.2001年11月4日,昆仑山口西发生了半个世纪以来中国最大的M_S8.1级地震.本文基于已有的滑动模型,建立了三维含地形高程的横向不均匀性椭球型地球有限元模型,采用等效体力方法,分析了此次M_S8.1地震产生的全球同震位移和应力场变化.与解析方法相比,该模型考虑了地形、Moho面起伏和地球介质横向不均匀性;与一般的有限元数值模拟相比,该模型考虑了地球曲率和椭率,合理地规避了有限块体模型假定边界位移为零所引入的误差.计算得出同震位移与GPS观测数据可以很好地吻合.据库仑破裂应力准则和震源参数,计算得出昆仑山口西M_S8.1地震的发生造成了汶川、芦山、改则和当雄地震的发震断层上库仑应力增加,对这些地震的发生起促进作用;而造成玉树和德令哈地震发震断层上的库仑应力变化为负值,在一定程度上抑制了这些断层的地震活动性.此外,计算结果显示地球地形高程、介质非均匀性和椭率对昆仑山口西M_S8.1地震同震变化计算有一定的影响,其中地形和椭率造成的同震位移场相对误差约10%.

     

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地震前兆含义,科学问题与研究途径的研讨

地震前兆的研究已经取得了很大的进展,地震前兆的复杂性引起了广泛的关注,对地震预报、有关科学问题和探索途径的研究现状及其前景有各种评价。文章认为由于一些科学问题没有解决,尽管对中缅边境１９９５年７月连７．３级地震作出了成功预报,经验性预报有一定的局限性,文中讨论了广义地震前兆和狭义地震前兆,广义地震前兆包含二类前兆：场兆和源兆;而狭义前兆仅指后者。大陆震例前兆的系统研究证实了广义地震前兆的存在,然而     

2008年汶川地震后的三次强余震地表峰值加速度衰减场研究

利用甘肃省强震动台站获取的2008年汶川地震后的三次强余震记录资料,分别研究了在甘肃南部地区的地表自由场加速度衰减场,认为地震引起的地表峰值加速度(PGA)随震中距的衰减基本都遵从幂指数规律,衰减的形式基本相同,但是三次强余震的衰减指数之间也存在着一定的差异.因此要得到陇南地区的中强地震动衰减的普遍规律,尚需做进一步的研究.     

随州-信阳ML4.2地震前定点形变异常特征

分析了2000年1月28日随州和信阳交界处发生的ML4．2地震前，信阳地震台（△＝35km)定点形变中短期及临震异常特征。分析研究表明：该次地震前信阳台目视水管倾斜仪EW向测值从1999年6开始出现反向变化，NS向测值从1999年3月开始出现加速变化；水平摆倾余仪EW向和NS向测值分别从1999年2月和1999年6月开始出现反向变化。这些异常于2000年下半年结束。震前3天水管倾斜仪EW向测值出现加速变化；震前5－8天NS向测值除了出现加速变化外，还出现突跳。城前约20天，水平摆倾斜仪2个方向测值构出现了准周期性波动变化。另外，形变固体潮潮汐因子也有明显异常。