Early Jurassic intra‐oceanic arc system of the Neotethys Ocean: Constraints from andesites in the Gangdese magmatic belt,south Tibet

The Gangdese magmatic belt is located in the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane, south Tibet. Here zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data, as well as whole‐rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopes on andesites from the Bima Formation with a view to evaluating the history of the Gangdese magmatism and the evolution of the Neotethys Ocean. Zircon U–Pb dating yields an age of ca 170 Ma from six samples, representing the eruptive time of these volcanic rocks. Zircon Hf isotopes show highly positive ε_Hf(t) values of +13 to +16 with a mean of +15.2. Whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic results suggest that the magma source of these andesites was controlled by partial melting of a depleted mantle source with addition of continental‐derived sediments, similar to those in the southern arcs of the Lesser Antilles arc belt. In combination with published data, the volcanic rocks of the Bima Formation are proposed to have been generated in an intra‐oceanic arc system, closely associated with northward subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere.     

古亚洲洋晚石炭世俯冲作用:梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩中扎嘎音高镁安山岩证据

内蒙古贺根山缝合带梅劳特乌拉SSZ(Supra Subduction Zone)型蛇绿岩中新发现扎嘎音晚石炭世高镁安山岩,岩性为玄武安山岩和安山岩。扎嘎音玄武安山岩—安山岩MgO(4.33%～9.82%)、Mg~#值(57～72)和SiO_2含量(55.34%～64.12%)较高;而TiO_2(0.30%～0.60%)、K_2O(0.06%～0.73%)、Al_2O_3(12.18%～17.32%)含量和FeO~T/MgO值(0.70～1.34)较低,Na_2O/K_2O值(2.23～40.88)较高。稀土元素总量较低(14.29×10~(-6)～60.20×10~(-6)),稀土配分曲线总体为略显右倾的平坦型,(La/Yb)_N为0.57～2.58,无明显Eu异常。岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U和Sr等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P等,具有较低的Ti/V值。该玄武安山岩—安山岩具有高镁安山岩的地球化学特征,与日本西南Setouchi岛弧火山岩带的sanukite(有人音译为"赞岐岩")相类似,可能为俯冲洋壳+俯冲深积物的脱水流体与俯冲沉积物部分熔融形成的硅质熔体与上覆地幔楔橄榄岩平衡反应成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明,扎嘎音玄武安山岩的成岩年龄为315.0±2.3 Ma,反映了晚石炭世高镁安山岩浆作用事件。扎嘎音玄武安山岩—安山岩为晚石炭世形成于洋壳俯冲弧前环境的高镁安山岩组合,为古亚洲洋晚石炭世洋内俯冲作用提供了证据。结合贺根山缝合带的壳幔电性结构特征和晚古生代蛇绿岩—岛弧岩浆岩时空分布与演化关系,提出了扎嘎音高镁安山岩的古亚洲洋晚石炭世洋内俯冲模式。     

西昆仑造山带东段中新元古代洋内弧火山岩地球化学特征

分布于新疆西昆仑东段北缘(策勒—于田—民丰一线以南)的中新元古代火山岩主要为一套浅变质的(玄武)安山岩,夹有极少量的流纹岩。安山岩的SiO2在52.36%～58.30%之间,平均为54.55%,TiO2均低于0.3%,平均为0.22%。Na2O+K2O为1.70%～3.75%,Na2O均高于K2O,Na2O/K2O在2.44～4.61之间,M/F为0.62～0.78,MgO/(MgO+TFe)在0.36～0.45之间。岩石硅碱成分显示以钙碱性为主。稀土元素研究表明,安山岩的稀土总量低,在15.52×10-6～17.92×10-6之间,接近大洋拉斑玄武岩。安山岩的(La/Yb)N为0.69～1.33,(Ce/Yb)N为0.75～1.17,轻重稀土分异不明显。除1028-I3号样的δEu为0.6之外,其余样品的δEu在0.91～1.13之间,基本没有Eu异常。在稀土元素的球粒陨石配分曲线上,所有安山岩形成一个群体,稀土配分模式接近大洋拉斑玄武岩。岩石的微量元素安山岩的Th/Yb为0.04～0.10,Th/Ta=5.92～11.22,Zr/Hf=20.46～29.40,Th/Y之比为0.04～0.08。微量元素的N—MORB配分模式显示岩石富集Sr、Ba、Rb、K、Th等大离子亲石元素,Cr亏损,与拉斑质的火山弧玄武岩相似。综合分析火山岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学特征,结合区域构造背景,认为该套火山岩产于洋内弧环境。     

华北克拉通东部中生代高Mg闪长岩——对岩石圈减薄机制的制约

在华北克拉通东部鲁西—徐淮地区,存在一套辉石闪长岩-二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组成的adakitic岩石。锆石SHRI MP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明它们形成于早白垩世(130~132Ma)。该类岩石具有较高的MgO含量(质量分数为1·46%~9·76%)、高的Mg#值(0·46~0·68)和高的Sr/Y值(主体介于30~52之间,个别高达410)。这些特征类似于由俯冲大洋板片部分熔融形成的adakitic岩石。然而,它们所表现出来的相对较高的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(0·7051~0·7077)和较低的εNd(t)值(-4·43~-15·92)则反映岩浆形成或演化过程中应有陆壳物质的参与。徐淮地区该类岩石中榴辉岩类捕虏体和石榴石捕虏晶的存在和鲁西辉石闪长岩中众多地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的发现,以及这些捕虏体中普遍发育富硅质交代作用,由此可以判定该类岩浆应起源于拆沉下部大陆地壳的部分熔融及其在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩的反应,石榴石作为残留相。华北克拉通东部早白垩世adakitic岩石的存在以及榴辉岩类捕虏体的年代学表明,中生代早期曾存在一次重要的陆壳加厚过程,之后相继出现的加厚岩石圈的拆沉应是中生代岩石圈减薄的主导机制。     

三江地区义敦岛弧安山岩成因

义敦岛弧是一个发育于张性薄陆壳基底上的三叠纪岛弧,以发育岛弧裂谷和成对的火山弧为特征。弧火山岩主要为钙碱性火山岩系,以安山岩为主,其岩石组合为玄武岩—安山岩—英安岩。岩相学、地球化学、相平衡及定量模型计算均证实,分离结晶作用是产生钙碱性火山岩系的主导作用,安山岩是钙碱性玄武岩浆在不同压力条件下发生多阶段分离结晶的产物。岩浆演化具有相对封闭系统特征。玄武岩浆在较大压力条件下发生Ol+Cpx+Pl±Mt±Ap结晶(F=0.46)后,派生岩浆发生Hb+Cpx+Pl+Mt结晶分离(F=0.25),产生安山岩浆。该岩浆可能在较低压力下再次发生结晶分异,从而派生出英安岩。角闪石在相对较高的压力条件下的大量结晶是安山岩形成的主要原因。     

北山地区早古生代洋盆俯冲记录——来自石板井高镁闪长岩的年代学、地球化学证据

北山造山带中部石板井地区发育高镁闪长岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析获得该类岩石的年龄为456±2Ma,表明其形成于晚奥陶世。地球化学数据显示:岩石属钠质钙碱性系列,SiO_2含量为51.94%~55.30%,具有较高的MgO(4.12%~6.19%,平均5.17%)、Mg#值(0.45~0.69,平均0.53)、Cr(35.82×10~(-6)~985.50×10~(-6),平均284.84×10~(-6))、Ni(20.93×10~(-6)~148.59×10~(-6),平均70.23×10~(-6))含量,稀土元素配分曲线均呈平缓右倾,轻稀土元素略相对富集,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(如Rb、Ba、Th、U、K),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)(如Ta、Nb、P、Ti)。这些特征类似于日本西南新生代Setouchi火山岩带赞岐岩。通过岩石成因分析,认为该岩体很可能由俯冲洋壳和沉积物部分熔融产生的含水流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用形成,进而揭示其形成于岛弧环境。这表明红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井古洋盆在晚奥陶世仍在向北俯冲,哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木板块最终的拼合时间可能在奥陶纪之后。     

大兴安岭中段晚三叠世安第斯型安山岩:蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板片南向俯冲作用的产物

本文报道了大兴安岭中段火龙沟地区晚三叠世安山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Lu-Hf同位素组成以及全岩地球化学数据,以揭示蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板片早中生代期间南向俯冲作用的过程。火龙沟地区安山岩的锆石均呈自形-半自形,具有典型的振荡生长环带和高Th/U(0.48~1.47)比值的特征,暗示其为岩浆成因锆石。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,火龙沟地区安山岩形成于236±1Ma的晚三叠世。这些晚三叠世安山岩的Si O_2含量为51.44%~66.67%,全碱(Na_2O+K_2O)含量为5.01%~6.88%,Al_2O_3含量为13.14%~19.20%,Fe_2O_3~T含量为5.11%~9.55%,Ti O_2含量为0.65%~1.66%,具有较高的MgO(2.15%~4.64%)、Cr(43.7×10~(-6)~212.0×10~(-6))和Ni(20.2×10~(-6)~100.0×10~(-6))含量以及Mg~#值(45~55),为钙碱性系列岩石。安山岩样品富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Sr等)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti等)和重稀土元素,且具有微弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.84~1.13),与俯冲带岩浆岩地球化学特征相似。安山岩中的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为+8.9~+11.6,相应的Hf同位素一阶段模式年龄(t_(DM1))为525~414Ma。上述特征表明火龙沟地区晚三叠世安山岩岩浆可能起源于俯冲流体交代的亏损地幔楔,源区可能还存在少量俯冲沉积物的贡献,并在岩浆演化的过程中经历了角闪石、斜长石和磷灰石等矿物的分离结晶作用。结合区域地质资料,认为研究区晚三叠世安山岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板片南向俯冲作用相关的安第斯型活动大陆边缘环境,且蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板片在晚三叠世期间经历了低角度俯冲到高角度俯冲的转变。     

Diagenetic of the Mesozoic complex weathering crust reservoir rock in Fulin subsag,Jiyang Depression

The formation of weathering crust reservoirs and the analysis of their differences have become the current research focus of reservoir geology. The Mesozoic oil and gas exploration in the Fulin subsag of Zhanhua sag in the Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin has encountered its bottleneck. Only the weathering crust at top of the Cretaceous is currently penetrated by exploration wells and the weathering crust reservoir is characterized by complex lithology and high heterogeneity. In order to enhance exploration in the Mesozoic buried hill reservoir in the study area and even the Jiyang Depression,it's of great importance to figure out diagenetic evolution,reservoir space types and their combination relationships. The complex lithology of weathering crust reservoir rock of the Cretaceous Xiwa Formation in the Fulin subsag was studied by core and thin section observation combining with well logging data. The results show that the key lithologies of weathering crust include andesite and tuff,followed by dyke,cryptoexplosive breccia and glutenite. During the complex burial process,different tectonic units underwent the evolution of 'sag-uplift-uplift' or 'sag-uplift-sag',resulting in significant differences for diagenetic sequence and pore evolution of different reservoir rocks. The primary pore types and their genesis of igneous and clastic rocks are obviously different,but the present reservoir space is dominated by secondary pores,especially dissolution pores. The dissolved material includes porphyry,matrix and volcanic debris. The dominant fluid for dissolution is variable. In addition to the atmospheric fresh water rich in CO₂ during the uplifting and exposure,the organic acid discharged during the maturation of organic matter has a positive effect on improving reservoir quality. The formation of favorable weathering crust reservoir rock is controlled by lithology,burial evolution and diagenetic fluid. On the whole,the reservoir quality order of the Cretaceous Xiwa Formation in the Fulin subsag is as follow: Volcaniclastic rock,vesicular andesite,tuff,subvolcanic rock. Different weathering crust reservoir rocks in the study area underwent different diagenetic modification during the complex burial process.     

福建福安留洋盆地早白垩世安山岩的特征及成因探讨

福安留洋盆地早白垩世安山岩广泛分布于黄坑组中,与流纹质岩石组成双峰式火山岩,且晚期伴有潜正长斑岩、晶洞碱长花岗岩等偏碱性岩石产出。通过福安地区1∶5万区调研究,认为该区安山岩可能是基性—酸性岩浆演化系列中的过渡性岩石,并有地壳物质的混染,进而得出基性岩浆与酸性岩浆可能是同源的新认识,这对当前“区域基性和酸性岩浆不同源”这一主流观点提出新的研究思路。     

北祁连东段早古生代洋壳俯冲作用记录——来自晚奥陶世高镁埃达克岩的证据

具有特殊成因机制的埃达克质岩石是探究深部岩浆动力学过程与区域构造演化的重要岩石探针之一。本文对北祁连造山带东段宁夏南华山地区出露的石洼里花岗岩进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年龄、主量-微量元素及锆石原位Hf同位素分析,以探讨其岩石成因及地球动力学意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明石洼里花岗岩侵位年龄为452±4 Ma, 为晚奥陶世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具有较高的SiO₂(68.60%~71.42%)、Al₂O₃(14.95%~15.75%)和Na₂O(5.06%~5.79%)含量,较低的K₂O(2.23%~3.10%)、MgO(0.91%~1.73%)含量和较高的Mg^# 值(55~59),属弱过铝质钙碱性系列岩石; 岩石具有高Ba(1 025×10^-6~1 250×10^-6)、Sr(324×10^-6~577×10^-6)和低Y(6.99×10^-6~7.69×10^-6)、Yb(0.65×10^-6~0.71×10^-6)含量,较高的Sr/Y(45~79)和(La/Yb)_N(17~31)值,且无明显Eu负异常。锆石εHf(t)值相对较高,变化范围为+0.5~+15.5。主量-微量元素及同位素分析结果表明石洼里花岗岩具有高镁埃达克岩的典型特征, 可能是在30~40 km深度的岛弧基性下地壳部分熔融的产物,其源区中可能存在早古生代的新生地壳。结合区内蛇绿岩、高压变质岩、弧岩浆岩的研究成果, 笔者认为受北祁连原特提斯洋北向俯冲影响,石洼里高镁埃达克岩形成于老虎山弧后盆地洋壳在晚奥陶世的南向俯冲过程中。