巴音布鲁克高寒区气象观测分析

本文通过2011-2013年中天山高寒无人区自建的自动气象站获取的稀缺气象资料,客观地揭示了观测区域的气象条件,给出部分气象特征参数变化特征,为中天山高山达坂区气象观测研究工作奠定一定基础,并得出如下结果：（1）迎风坡盛行风向SE、N,SE占35%,N占25%,N向风力集中4级以下,SE明显偏大,3级风比重15%,4级风比重7%,5级风比重4%;6级风比重1%,6级以上的风力几乎为零。背风坡主导风向角度范围在247.5°-337.5°,风力基本在6级以下,6级及以上风力出现概率不足1%。3-5级风占的比重较大。（2）日平均气温≤-10℃日数所占观测总日数的百分比,其值分别为：0.0%（恰西）、44.5%（江不肯达坂）、9.8%（江巴口子）、15.1%（铁力买提达坂）。恰西、江不肯达坂、江巴口子、铁力买提达坂4站日平均相对湿度≥80%的频率分别为5.9%、18.4%、16.1%和22.6%。（3）换算得出恰西、江不肯达坂、江巴口子、铁力买提达坂观测期间10m高度最大瞬时风速与小时平均风速分别为33.8/27.9m/s、41.0/27.3 m/s、25.7/17.7m/s、34.0/17.2 m/s。     

石笋的荧光特征及其高分辨率气候环境记录

在分析石笋荧光特征的基础上，综述了石笋荧光应用于高分辨率气候环境记录的研究进展。石笋荧光强度反映了石笋中的有机酸含量，荧光波长特征受石笋中有机酸类型的控制，石笋中的有机酸由地表有机质经土壤水、洞穴滴水运移随碳酸盐而淀积，荧光强度与波长特征都是对地表气候环境信息的响应。通过提高荧光谱扫描精度，可得到高分辨率(1～10a)的气候环境变迁记录。分析了目前研究中存在的问题，并对发展趋势和进一步研究方向提出看法。     

Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling

The hydrologic response of engineered media plays an important role in determining a stormwater control measure's ability to reduce runoff volume, flow rate, timing, and pollutant loads. Five engineered media, typical of living roof and bioretention stormwater control measures, were investigated in laboratory column experiments for their hydrologic responses to steady, large inflow rates. The inflow, medium water content response, and outflow were all measured. The water flow mechanism (uniform flow vs. preferential flow) was investigated by analyzing medium water content response in terms of timing, magnitude, and sequence with depth. Modeling the hydrologic process was conducted in the HYDRUS‐1D software, applying the Richards equation for uniform flow modeling, and a mobile–immobile model for preferential flow modeling. Uniform flow existed in most cases, including all initially dry living roof media with bimodal pore size distributions and one bioretention medium with unimodal pore size distribution. The Richards equation can predict the outflow hydrograph reasonably well for uniform flow conditions when medium hydraulic properties are adequately represented by appropriate functions. Preferential flow was found in two media with bimodal pore size distributions. The occurrence of preferential flow is more likely due to the interaction between the bimodal pore structure and the initial water content rather than the large inflow rate.     

2005—2010年台风突变路径的预报误差及其环流背景

本文主要分析了2005-2010年西北太平洋上台风突变路径的预报误差及其相联系的环流形势.通过分析北折和西折两种突变路径发现,中央气象台对西折突变路径的24和48 h预报接近平均预报水平;北折突变路径突变时刻,24 h预报的距离误差达到145.6 km,比平均预报误差增加了29.3％,48 h预报的距离误差达317.3 km,比平均预报误差增加了68.3％.从突变路径的物理机制方面分析突变路径预报的难点.将台风附近气流分解成低频和高频两部分,合成分析发现两类突变路径的风场区别不仅表现在低频尺度上副热带高压的西伸程度,还表现在天气尺度上台风附近的风场分布.     

The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area, Yitong Basin, Northeast China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast China. This study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections, and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations: (1) the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates; (2) the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits; and (3) the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and turbidites. Combining with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis, we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin, and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by (1) an inconstant multiple source (line source), (2) an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system, and (3) the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current deposits. This sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.     

The Geothermal Study of the Mid-Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Its Neighboring Region

In this paper,25 new terrestrial heat flow values newly observed along the mid-segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone are listed.With these geothermal data and 37 other terrestrial heat flow values(previously published),we describe the distribution features of terrestrial heat flows in the area.In this research,the two-dimensional temperature structure from the surface to lithospheric bottom of the Huaibei-Sixian-Jinhu profile is inferred by using the finite-element method and the temperature and heat flow of sedimentary,granitic,and basaltic layers is calculated.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000788

This paper presents numerical investigation on the ore-forming fluid migration driven by tectonic deformation and thermally-induced buoyancy force in the Chanziping ore district in South China. A series of numerical scenarios are considered to examine the effect of meteoric water precipitation, the dip angle of the faults, unconformity surface, and thermal input on the ore genesis. Our computations reveal that the downward basinal fluid flow driven by extensional stress mixes with the upward basal fluid driven by the thermal input from depth at the junction of two faults at a temperature of about 200 C, triggering the precipitation of the Chanziping uranium deposit.     

The impact of rural land management changes on soil hydraulic properties and runoff processes: results from experimental plots in upland UK

To develop an evidence base to help predict the impacts of land management change on flood generation, four experimental sites were established on improved grassland used for sheep grazing at the Pontbren catchment in upland Wales, UK. At each site, three plots were established where surface runoff was measured, supplemented by measurements of soil infiltration rates and soil and vegetation physical properties. Following baseline monitoring, treatments were applied to two of the plots: exclusion of sheep (ungrazed) and exclusion of sheep and planting with native broadleaf tree species (tree planted), with the third plot acting as a control (grazed pasture). Due to a particularly dry summer that occurred pre‐treatment, the soil hydrological responses were initially impacted by the effects of the climate on soil structure. Nevertheless, treatments did have a clear influence on soil hydrological response. On average, post‐treatment runoff volumes were reduced by 48% and 78% in ungrazed and tree‐planted plots relative to the control, although all results varied greatly over the sites. Five years following treatment application, near‐surface soil bulk density was reduced and median soil infiltration rates were 67 times greater in plots planted with trees compared to grazed pasture. The results illustrate the potential use of upland land management for ameliorating local‐scale flood generation but emphasise the need for long‐term monitoring to more clearly separate the effects of land management from those of climatic variability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Developing constitutive models from EPR‐based self‐learning finite element analysis

A constitutive model that captures the material behavior under a wide range of loading conditions is essential for simulating complex boundary value problems. In recent years, some attempts have been made to develop constitutive models for finite element analysis using self‐learning simulation (SelfSim). Self‐learning simulation is an inverse analysis technique that extracts material behavior from some boundary measurements (eg, load and displacement). In the heart of the self‐learning framework is a neural network which is used to train and develop a constitutive model that represents the material behavior. It is generally known that neural networks suffer from a number of drawbacks. This paper utilizes evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) in the framework of SelfSim within an automation process which is coded in Matlab environment. EPR is a hybrid data mining technique that uses a combination of a genetic algorithm and the least square method to search for mathematical equations to represent the behavior of a system. Two strategies of material modeling have been considered in the SelfSim‐based finite element analysis. These include a total stress‐strain strategy applied to analysis of a truss structure using synthetic measurement data and an incremental stress‐strain strategy applied to simulation of triaxial tests using experimental data. The results show that effective and accurate constitutive models can be developed from the proposed EPR‐based self‐learning finite element method. The EPR‐based self‐learning FEM can provide accurate predictions to engineering problems. The main advantages of using EPR over neural network are highlighted.     

川东地区碳酸盐岩超压与天然气富集关系研究

地层流体超压的形成、演化及分布与油气成藏的主要石油地质过程有着千丝万缕地联系。由于碳酸盐岩本身的复杂性，其超压的成因及研究方法不能简单地借用“欠压实”的原理。本文从对比砂泥岩和碳酸盐岩在成压机理上的差异性入手，详细探讨了川东地区碳酸盐岩成压的各种机理，指出成烃作用是造成区域性超压的最主要因素；并结合该区超压平面上的分区性及纵向上的分带性，论述了各区、带超压与气藏分布的内在联系，总结出该区超压与天然气富集的关系。