基于速度估计的改进型线性变换有限差分偏移在探地雷达中的应用

为了解决传统线性变换有限差分偏移算法对变速介质的高敏感性问题,对加入了速度变量的标量波动方程进行线性变换,在横向非均匀介质条件下,详细推导了包含混合因子项的线性变换差分偏移方程,实现了横向非均匀介质中陡倾角反射界面的正确归位,同时改进型算法可以灵活地选择混合因子项,这样就增强了原算法对复杂地质问题的适应能力,在此基础上...     

分布式异构栅格数据的集成管理研究

为了实现分布式异构栅格空间数据无缝集成服务,设计了分布式异构栅格数据的集成管理架构,提出了分布式异构栅格数据集成方法,其核心是建立异构栅格数据索引代理、全局逻辑金字塔结构索引和分布式索引注册中心,实现异构金字塔结构栅格数据的集成、更新和服务。     

Glacitectonics – a key approach to examining ice dynamics,substrate rheology and ice-bed coupling

The role of ice masses within the Earth's climate system and in landscape change is increasingly being recognised within regions that are either currently glaciated or were glaciated during the geological past. There are many different remote and field-based approaches to studying the products of glaciation. One approach – that of glacitectonics, focuses on the styles of deformation and tectonic imprint (folds, fractures, fabrics, foliations and lineations) produced as ice overrides or pushes into pre-existing rocks or sediment. This approach, when used in combination with other types of evidence, can be used to infer ice-dynamics, substrate rheology and ice-bed coupling. Of equal significance is the influence of glacitectonic structure upon the applied properties of glaciated terranes such as ground stability, hydrogeology and fluid migration (e.g. water, gas hydrates and hydrocarbons). This paper provides an introduction to this Special Issue on Glacitectonics, outlining the significance and historical development of this field of glacial geology, before introducing and summarising the contributions that make up the volume.     

Modelling of the mechanical interaction between anchored wire meshes and granular soils

In this paper a theoretical and numerical analysis of the mechanical interaction between an anchored deformable facing structure and the underlying granular soil is presented. The reinforcement system is mainly composed of wire meshes, geosynthetics, bars/ties, and spike steel plates. This is usually employed for stabilising potentially unstable slopes. The punching process that can occur locally is described by considering the complex interaction mechanisms arising among the different system elements and the soil. For the sake of simplicity, the soil stratum and the anchor are assumed to be horizontal and vertical, respectively. A simplified displacement-based approach is introduced with the main goal of evaluating both the maximum force that can be applied on the anchor and the correlated penetration of the spike plate within the soil. The approach is validated by means of experimental laboratory test results already available in the literature. Finally, in order to stress the role of the spike plates' spacing and the soil stiffness in influencing the mechanical response of the system, the numerical results of parametric analyses are discussed.     

深埋海底隧洞内水压力下饱和土的动力特性

将衬砌分别视为多孔柔性材料和弹性介质,在频率域内研究内水压力作用下饱和分数导数黏弹性土-深埋圆形隧洞多孔柔性或弹性衬砌系统的耦合简谐振动。土体的宏观力学特性采用多孔介质理论来模拟。通过引入与土体体积分数相关的应力系数,利用衬砌和土体界面处位移连续,分别得到饱和黏弹性土和衬砌的位移、应力和孔隙水压力等的解析表达式。在此基础上,分析了多孔柔性衬砌和弹性衬砌结构的差异,并考察了应力系数、渗透系数、分数阶导数本构参数等对系统动力响应的影响,结果表明:多孔柔性衬砌材料条件下系统的动力响应明显大于弹性衬砌材料条件下系统的动力响应;随着分数导数阶数和材料参数比的增加,系统共振效应明显减弱;衬砌边界透水和不透水只是反映边界渗透性的两种极限状态。     

基于全球剖分网格的多源数据快速汇集方法研究

随着当今社会科技水平的快速发展,各行业的应用领域也在逐步拓展,学科交叉的情况已在各重大行业领域频频出现,交叉学科的出现给传统的数据分析模式带来了挑战,同时数据多源性和异构性的特点对海量数据的管理机制也是一种考验。本文通过对多源数据组织检索方式的分析,在测绘和气象行业选取了四种完全相异的实验数据,这些数据具有典型的行业代表性与广泛的应用背景,结合数据各自独有的组织及应用特点,以Geo SOT全球剖分网格为基础,采用最小外包矩形、多级网格聚合和关联索引大表的数据预处理方式,建立了跨领域,多尺度,无缝无叠,覆盖全球的多源数据编码检索模型。通过简便快捷的编码处理,实现了对多源异构数据的快速汇集与综合管理。     

The construction of human–animal relations: National Jumps Day 2013 at Te Rapa,Hamilton, New Zealand

New Zealand is an important place for thoroughbred breeding and racing. Most races are on the flat, but jumps racing is conducted in the cooler months. The 2013 National Jumps Day at Te Rapa, Hamilton, was a significant space for the construction of human–animal relations. Drawing on three bodies of accounts, we ask whether social media contributes to the realignment of perspectives or reinforces existing human–animal relations. We explore competing narratives and demonstrate how animals, people, activities and places are constructed, including making animal deaths unrecognisable to perpetuate activities that are questioned by contemporary animal geographies.     

基于PostGIS的异构地理空间数据组织与应用开发

PostGIS是开源关系型数据库系统PostgreSQL的空间扩展。本文分析了目前在地理信息工程领域的异构地理空间数据几种存在形式,结合PostGIS的空间数据组织方法,提出了针对PostGIS数据库的多源空间数据的集成应用方案,并在.Net开发环境中进行了可视化应用开发实践。     

COUNCIL MEETING,SEATTLE April 26-27, 1974

Since the U.S. Embassy in Beijing placed an air quality sensor on its roof and began publishing the results on Twitter in 2008, air quality has gained widespread attention on Chinese microblogs. When the Chinese government introduced new air quality standards in 2012, some hailed this as a victory for Chinese microbloggers, signifying the emergence of social media as a democratizing force leading to greater citizen power. Using a representative sample of microblog posts collected from October 2012 to June 2013 on the topic of air pollution, as well as contextual information from a variety of sources, we examine how the government, companies, nongovernmental organizations, and individuals approach the Chinese social media landscape. We find that although microblogs are capable of empowering citizens to advance an environmental cause, social media have also been increasingly employed by the government as a tool for social monitoring and control and by companies as a platform for profiting from air pollution.     

Automated geographic context analysis for volunteered information

Several studies show the impacts of (geo)social media and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) during crisis events, and have found intrinsic value for rescue teams, relief workers and humanitarian assistance coordinators, as well as the affected population. The main challenge is how emergency management and the public can capitalize on the abundance of this new source of information by reducing the volume to credible and relevant content.In this paper, we present the GeoCONAVI (Geographic CONtext Analysis for Volunteered Information) approach and a prototype system, designed to retrieve, process, analyze and evaluate social media content on forest fires, producing relevant, credible and actionable VGI usable for crisis events. The novelty of the approach lies in the enrichment of the content with additional geographic context information, and use of spatio-temporal clustering to support scoring and validation. Thus, the system is focusing on integrating authoritative data sources with VGI. Evaluation in case studies shows that the prototype system can handle large amounts of data with common-off-the-shelf hardware, produces valuable results, and is adaptable to other types of crisis events.