反映自然灾害时空分布的社交媒体有效性探讨

针对如何将社交媒体的虚拟空间上的变化与现实空间中的灾害关联起来的问题,该文基于新浪微博平台,利用台风达维和海葵受灾地区的相关微博数据,从微博的绝对和相对数量变化、台风相关关键词词频变化以及时空分析3方面论证社交媒体与现实中的台风发展进程和受灾情况的关系。综合3方面的结果来看,微博数据与台风的发展有着相当紧密的关联,甚至可以较为准确地反映台风的实时情况,证明用社交媒体数据来分析台风灾情具有一定的有效性和可行性。     

基于微博数据的北京市热点区域意象感知

“城市意象”研究对城市文化感知、城市管理与规划、旅游资源开发等具有重要意义。近年来,随着智能移动终端和社交媒体的普及,产生了大量城市内包含有文本和地理位置等信息的社交媒体数据,涉及城市的各个区域,为开展城市意象的综合感知研究提供了新的途径。本文以2016年北京市带位置签到的新浪微博数据为例,在空间聚类发现热点区域的基础上,采用词频—逆文件频率(TF-IDF)与文档主题生成模型LDA两类典型的文本分析的方法,挖掘城市不同热点区域的主题,以感知北京市不同热点区域的社会文化功能和人群行为,并在此基础上通过对热点区域高频主题词进行共词聚类分析,深度挖掘北京市的总体意象。研究表明,运用文本挖掘及地理大数据分析的城市意象研究方法,能及时感知人群在城市不同场所的活动、态度、偏好,从而揭示城市的社会文化及功能特征,是对刻画城市物质形态的城市意象五要素模型的重要补充。此外,以北京市热点区域为例的实证研究结果对现实中的城市特色传承与空间品质塑造等有一定的启发意义。     

Effective hydraulic conductivity of nonstationary aquifers

Assuming that the ln hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer is mathematically approximated by a spatial deterministic surface, or trend, plus a stationary random noise, we treat the problem of finding what the effective hydraulic conductivity of that aquifer is. This problem is tackled by spectral methods applied to a type of diffusion equation of groundwater flow, together with suitable coordinate transformations. Analytical (exact) solutions in terms of elementary functions are presented for one- and three-dimensional finite and infinite domains. Stability criteria are obtained for the solutions, in terms of a critical parameter, that turns out to involve the product of correlation scale and trend gradient. For the case of finite and symmetrical domains, additional provisions to insure the stability of numerical calculations of effective hydraulic conductivity are provided. Effective hydraulic conductivity is an important property, with potential applications in the calibrations of groundwater and transport numerical models.     

Solution of stochastic groundwater flow by infinite series,and convergence of the one-dimensional expansion

This paper investigates analytical solutions of stochastic Darcy flow in randomly heterogeneous porous media. We focus on infinite series solutions of the steady-state equations in the case of continuous porous media whose saturated log-conductivity (lnK) is a gaussian random field. The standard deviation of lnK is denoted . The solution method is based on a Taylor series expansion in terms of parameter , around the value =0, of the hydraulic head (H) and gradient (J). The head solution H is expressed, for any spatial dimension, as an infinite hierarchy of Green's function integrals, and the hydraulic gradient J is given by a linear first-order recursion involving a stochastic integral operator. The convergence of the -expansion solution is not guaranteed a priori. In one dimension, however, we prove convergence by solving explicitly the hierarchical sequence of equations to all orders. An infinite-order stochastic solution is obtained in the form of a -power series that converges for any finite value of . It is pointed out that other expansion methods based on K rather than lnK yield divergent series. The infinite-order solution depends on the integration method and the boundary conditions imposed on individual order equations. The most flexible and general method is that based on Laplacian Green's functions and boundary integrals. Imposing zero head conditions for all orders greater than one yields meaningful far-field gradient conditions. The whole approach can serve as a basis for treatment of higher-dimensional problems.     

Effective hydraulic conductivity of nonstationary aquifers

Assuming that the ln hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer is mathematically approximated by a spatial deterministic surface, or trend, plus a stationary random noise, we treat the problem of finding what the effective hydraulic conductivity of that aquifer is. This problem is tackled by spectral methods applied to a type of diffusion equation of groundwater flow, together with suitable coordinate transformations. Analytical (exact) solutions in terms of elementary functions are presented for one- and three-dimensional finite and infinite domains. Stability criteria are obtained for the solutions, in terms of a critical parameter, that turns out to involve the product of correlation scale and trend gradient. For the case of finite and symmetrical domains, additional provisions to insure the stability of numerical calculations of effective hydraulic conductivity are provided. Effective hydraulic conductivity is an important property, with potential applications in the calibrations of groundwater and transport numerical models.     

场匹配处理法反演介质层系声参数

采用场匹配处理法反演层系介质参数，在匹配处理前先对层系模型参数进行预估。参数预估将大大地减少匹配运算时间。模拟实验的反演结果与取样实测结果相当符合     

多孔介质中水合物的热物理参数测量

利用时域反射技术和非稳态热线法测量热物理特性技术,设计制作了一套用于高压状态下测量含水合物沉积层热物理参数的系统。选择粒级(?)0.18～0.25 mm的细砂作为多孔介质,加入0.3g/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液作为多孔介质中的孔隙水和甲烷气体(纯度为99.9%),模拟沉积物中水合物的生成过程。采用交叉热线法和平行热线法两种方法测量了含水合物沉积层中的导热率,交叉热线法导热率的测量结果为(1.112±0.080)W/(m·K),平行热线法导热率的测量结果为(1.078±0.057)W/(m·K)。     

江陵凹陷新沟咀组下段成岩特征及高孔隙带的分布规律

江陵凹陷成岩作用明显受沉积水介质性质的控制,成岩特征呈现出淡水-半咸水介质富碳酸盐胶结与盐湖富硬石膏胶结特征,两种胶结物含量存在互为消长的关系.从分析盐湖成因角度合理解释了成岩规律,认为盐湖环境成因受控于深层卤水和古气候.淡水一半咸水环境和盐湖环境成岩作用模式的差异导致两种环境抗压实的机理存在着差异,相应的高孔隙带分布规律不同,淡水一半咸水环境的早期碳酸盐胶结物被溶蚀形成高孔隙发育带;盐湖环境的膏岩层发育区有利于形成深部异常高压的"封存箱",保存原生孔隙,从而发育高孔隙带.     

原生透镜状砂岩油藏成藏过程一维数值模拟

为了了解原生透镜状砂岩油藏的成藏过程和控制因素,基于变形多孔介质两相流动的基本原理,综合考虑地层在沉降过程中温度和压力的变化、砂岩体和围岩物性的变化、石油的生成以及岩石中孔隙流体物性变化等情况,应用数值方法模拟这类油藏在一维条件下成藏的整个过程.通过成藏过程模拟和分析,认为超压是推动流体整体运移的动力,而对处于生油围岩中的原生透镜状砂岩油藏,围岩和砂体间形成的毛管压力差异才是驱动石油在原生透镜状砂岩油藏中聚集的根本动力.在这类砂岩油藏成藏的过程中,砂体的油相压力要低于与其相邻的围岩中的油相压力,使得砂体成为石油的一个相对的低势区.原生透镜状砂岩油藏的成藏是由力平衡和物质平衡两种基本作用控制的成藏过程,石油生成和供应量以及砂体和围岩的油相势差决定了这类油藏的含油性.     

CORS信息资源共享中的异构问题研究

从系统优化的观点,分析了CORS系统中信息资源共享中的异构问题;针对CORS异构问题详细分析了其特性,并提出了主要解决方案.