针对无人机倾斜摄影数据的不同处理软件空三加密

以山西省右玉县杀虎口古长城为例,采用Trimble UX5 HP搭载Sony A7r相机完成数据采集,利用Context Capture软件和PhotoMesh软件进行三维重建,并利用Geomagics软件对三维模型进行精细处理,比较两种软件的空三精度,得出Context Capture软件的空三精度更高。同时利用外业实测检查点对模型进行精度计算,得到Context Capture软件的模型精度,其点位中误差为0.192 m,表明这种方法可以满足实景三维建立模型的要求,为智慧城市的建设提供了强有力的数据保障。     

基于倾斜摄影的三维测图技术研究

近年来,随着无人机技术、机载定位技术、图像处理技术的快速发展,倾斜摄影测量技术已广泛应用于1∶1000大比例尺地形图测绘中。但由于各项技术限制,普通的无人机航空摄影测量难以满足1∶500大比例尺地形图测图。因此,本文以倾斜摄影测量技术为基础,从像控密度、模型分辨率、测图方式3方面展开研究,提出了一种适用于城镇1∶500大比例尺地形图的倾斜测图方法。试验结果表明,文成县大比例尺地形图的成果平面精度可达0.059 m,高程精度可达0.064 m,精度情况良好,对以后采取此种方法进行测绘具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Seasonal and inter-annual variation in occurrence and biomass of rooted macrophytes and drift algae in shallow bays

Submerged rooted macrophytes and drift algae were studied in shallow (0–1 m) brackish soft-bottom bays in the Åland Islands, N Baltic Sea, in 1997–2000. The study was performed by aerial photography and ground-truth sampling and the compatibility of the methods was evaluated. The study provided quantitative results on seasonal and inter-annual variation in growth, distribution and biomass of submerged macrophytes and drift algae.On an average, 18 submerged macrophyte species occurred in the studied bays. The most common species, by weight and occurrence, were Chara aspera, Cladophora glomerata, Pilayella littoralis and Potamogeton pectinatus. Filamentous green algae constituted 45–70% of the biomass, charophytes 25–40% and vascular plants 3–18%. A seasonal pattern with a peak in biomass in July–August was found and the mean biomass was negatively correlated with exposure. There were statistically significant differences in coverage among years, and among levels of exposure. The coverage was highest when exposure was low. Both sheltered and exposed bays were influenced by drift algae (30 and 60% occurrence in July–August) and there was a positive correlation between exposure and occurrence of algal accumulations. At exposed sites, most of the algae had drifted in from other areas, while at sheltered ones they were mainly of local origin.Data obtained by aerial photography and ground-truth sampling showed a high concordance, but aerial photography gave a 9% higher estimate than the ground-truth samples. The results can be applied in planning of monitoring and management strategies for shallow soft-bottom areas under potential threat of drift algae.     

Apartheid spatial engineering and land use change in Mankweng, South Africa: 1963–2001

Land use change studies permeate the geographic literature. While these studies have helped researchers understand the dynamics and importance of such changes, they have less often taken a deeper historical approach in combination with their traditional strengths of geographic information analysis. In this study, we explore historical land use changes in one of South Africa's former bantustans, Lebowa, from 1963 to 2001. We argue that changes in land use arise from both current socioeconomic dynamics but also from historical precedent established by the apartheid regime. Our methods couple historical aerial photography to recent household surveys to elucidate the national, regional and local influences over land use change. We conducted extensive field research in the study site between 2003 and 2006. Our findings show a high degree of urbanization, a loss of grassland and agricultural land and a dramatic pattern of increasing spatial concentration near growth points. We outline three recommendations for policymakers planning post-apartheid rural spaces and conclude with future research needs.     

DMC数字航摄在大比例尺地形图成图中的应用

数字航空摄影具有从测量到成图的全过程数字化的优点。结合1∶2000地形图DMC全数字摄影测量项目对面阵CCD航摄像机用于大比例尺航测成图的基本要求进行了分析研究,提出数字像机的几何标定、数字摄影的质量检验和生产作业规范制订的必要性。     

玛尔挡改线公路高边坡稳定性分析及生态治理

通过对玛尔挡改线公路高边坡工程地质及水文地质条件调绘探查、岩层节理裂隙统计,采用赤平极射投影法对边坡进行稳定性分析。分析结果显示,高边坡整体处于稳定状态,但如果不采取防护措施,边坡岩土层经过长期的风化剥蚀,边坡局部会逐渐趋于欠稳定状态。根据该地区气候、环境及以往经验,提出采用锚拉式混凝土挡墙结合柔性防护网的生态防护措施对边坡进行防护,实施效果良好。     

轻小型无人机在房屋建筑结构类型调查中的应用

房屋建筑结构数据是了解房屋抗震设防能力的基础,获取房屋建筑结构信息具有重要的现实意义。本文在简单介绍无人机遥感系统、房屋建筑信息无人机遥感调查技术流程的基础上,以全国多地多架次飞行任务为应用实例,对无人机照片进行筛选、姿态匹配、照片拼接、纹理映射等处理,获取了房屋建筑密集区的正射镶嵌图和三维场景模型,然后对房屋建筑结构类型进行目视判读,并与地面调查的真实结果比对分析,计算得到目视判读的准确率为91.17%,Kappa系数为0.80。结果表明,轻小型无人机轻便灵活,获取的三维场景模型能有效、直观、准确地进行房屋建筑结构类型判定,可弥补传统实地调查的不足,为评估大范围建筑物的抗震能力提供重要的参考依据。     

三维不动产权籍测绘生产关键技术

随着城市空间利用的复杂化、规模化,传统的二维GIS无法满足三维不动产的精细化、准确化的空间信息管理。本文以满足不动产登记要求为出发点,对三维不动产权籍测绘生产中倾斜摄影实景三维模型建立、三维模型单体化、不动产登记数据整合、三维模型与不动产登记数据关联,以及三维不动产权籍数据库建立的关键技术展开研究,并通过实例得以验证,实现了三维不动产登记信息的精细化管理,有效提升了不动产登记过程中具体业务的工作效率,可以辅助不动产统一登记工作的快速推进。     

地震勘探中的时间-暴光声学

本文提出用于地下成像无源地震方法的分析,在该方法中应用环境地震噪声作为地下散射体的照明源。该成像算法能够以递归方式将新的数据融入到成像中,这使成像背景噪声随时间减少。在空间域不相干环境背景噪声的假设前提下推导出成像算法的点-扩展函数。点-扩展函数表征成像的分辨率,即接收排列长度和环境带宽的函数。