基于低空摄影数据的三维校园场景构建

为满足对外展示和发展规划的需要,开发了一套三维漫游展示系统。系统是以Quest3D为平台,利用低空无人机（UAV）航空摄影技术结合三维建模软件（3DsMAX）来构建校园的三维真实场景,最后在多通道环幕（立体）仿真投影系统上进行漫游展示。对其技术关键、基本流程及展示进行了较为详细的阐述,为相关三维虚拟场景构建和展示工作提供了较好的实践参考。     

哈苏H4D-60相机投影中心位置精确测定方法研究

提出了一种精确测定数码相机投影中心位置的方法,详细介绍了其工作原理和实施方法。利用Metro In经纬仪三坐标测量系统和Metro In-DPM数字工业摄影测量系统的高精度测量特点,提高了控制点坐标测量精度、控制点标志中心像点坐标量测精度并实现了相机的高精度标校。在一个试验里完成了高精度相机标校和投影中心位置精确测定,实现的投影中心位置测定精度优于5 mm。     

倾斜摄影三维模型与大场景地形的融合算法

针对现有的数据融合算法不能解决倾斜摄影的三维模型与大场景地形相互融合的问题,提出了一种基于外部缓冲区和TIN瓦片金字塔的数据融合新算法。采用在倾斜摄影地形外部建立过渡缓冲区的方法,解决了倾斜摄影地形和大场景地形的平滑过渡问题,这种方法还保证了倾斜摄影地形的精度。在过渡缓冲区内采样时构造了多条缓冲带,这种采样方法实现了采样密度从倾斜摄影地形到大场景地形的逐渐过渡;通过建立TIN瓦片金字塔实现了对多分辨率数据调度和纹理贴图的支持。实验结果表明,这种方法把倾斜摄影的三维模型与大场景地形很好地融合在一起,并且融合后的数据可以在三维地理信息系统中流畅地调度。     

Habitat change on Horn Island,Mississippi, 1940-2010, determined from textural features in panchromatic vertical aerial imagery

Habitat-type land cover on Horn Island, Mississippi, northern Gulf of Mexico, was estimated for the years 1940 and 2010 using a combination of panchromatic imagery and 2010 ground survey data. A grey-level co-occurrence matrix was applied to compute reflectance coefficient of variation (CV) and texture indices. The relationships of 2010 CV ranges with known habitat types defined training regions of interest in the 1940 imagery as a substitute for 1940 ground data. Texture indices contrast, correlation, energy and entropy then served as input bands for maximum likelihood classifications which produced 1940 and 2010 habitat maps. Analysis determined that wetter habitats on Horn expanded linearly over the seven-decade period. This is attributed to constraints on sediment supply and the impacts of severe storms which led to decreases in soil depth to the water table. If this trend continues, marsh habitat will cover 31% of Horn Island’s land area by 2050.     

RCD30倾斜航摄仪使用经验总结

对RCD30倾斜航摄仪在实际使用中的经验进行了总结,对该航摄仪的机载安装及数据获取注意事项进行了详细的分析,本文对倾斜航空摄影现场执行有重要的指导意义,也可为普通航空摄影提供参考。     

特高压交流工程施工全景管控系统研究

特高压交流输变电工程输送距离长,建设规模大,施工安全风险大,文明施工和环保水保要求高,建设管理难度增大。本文以淮南-南京-上海1 000 k V交流特高压工程为例,集成应用地理信息系统、三维可视化和IT等技术,对施工现场实施无人机航摄,开展特高压工程施工安全管控系统研究[1-6],实现施工现场的安全、质量、环保水保和通道清理信息的管控,使建设管理人员全面地掌握施工现场信息,进一步提高基建管理水平。     

浅议基于PixelGrid的无人机空中三角测量常见问题及解决方法

目前,使用无人机进行数字航空摄影测量的应用越来越广泛,已经逐步成为生产大比例尺4D产品的主流手段,本文主要介绍使用Pixel Grid高分辨率遥感影像一体化测图系统进行无人机空中三角测量的主要技术难点和处理方法,以便更有效、自主地进行测绘产品的生产和应用。     

Aerial survey for archaeology

Aerial photography for archaeology has been developing its approaches and techniques over the past 100 years so that it now integrates the results of reconnaissance with extensive interpretative and analytical surveys. This paper introduces the philosophy and approach of the English Heritage (EH) Aerial Survey team, covering aerial reconnaissance and the National Mapping Programme (NMP), as well as the potential developments and opportunities in Europe. In the 1980s there was a debate over the nature of the evidence derived from aerial photographs, especially how to describe archaeological features. As part of NMP a classification and recording system has been devised which meets most of the users' needs, be they national organisations, county archaeologists, commercial contractors or university-based researchers. The maps and records produced by NMP are used to further our understanding of the past human settlement in England, not only at the individual site level, but also in regional or landscape contexts. This paper provides an overview of the current progress of NMP and acts as an entrée for explaining the current research and recording of archaeological landscapes throughout Europe. Recent developments in Britain and Europe have provided the opportunity for a greater priority to be given to aerial survey and accelerating programmes of mapping. In Europe the ending of the cold war has allowed greater access to aerial photographs and the possibility of beginning new reconnaissance, as well as introducing new forms of remote sensing. All these developments have led to a transformation of our understanding of prehistoric, Roman and medieval archaeology.     

倾斜影像区块化自动整理方法研究与实现

高精度倾斜摄影实景三维重建,基于区块化数据规范管理、像控制点选片、倾斜影像姿态信息整理等需求,在数据导入建模软件之前,需要对海量倾斜影像数据进行人工整理。传统倾斜摄影后续数据整理,涉及影像分类、按规范重命名、影像按航向旋转、倾斜影像信息表录入等繁杂的工序,通常需要人工进行操作,劳动强度大,特别是针对多视角海量数据,错误率较高。该文旨在研究一种基于消费级无人机的高精度倾斜摄影区块化倾斜影像快速自动整理方法,通过程序替代人工批量实现倾斜影像视角分类、多视角影像重命名、Exif-GPS信息提取、曝光点轨迹及区块化倾斜影像信息表制作等工作,并以山东省滕州市前杨岗村高精度实景三维重建为实例,验证该方法能够极大降低人工劳动强度、缩短数据整理周期、保障数据精度,对提高基于消费级无人机倾斜摄影的实景三维建模效率具有较大的借鉴及实用价值。     

A desktop image processing and photogrammetric method for rapid volcanic hazard mapping: application to air-photo interpretation of Mount Pelée,Martinique

 A desktop image processing and photogrammetric method was developed for digitizing black-and-white aerial photographs. The technique was applied to airborne optical images of Mt. Pelée, Martinique, a historically active volcano in the tropical Lesser Antilles island arc, to evaluate its utility for rapid geologic mapping and hazard assessment in vegetated areas. The digital approach provides several advantages over traditional air-photo interpretation by allowing for change detection in time-series images, morphologic characterization, development of digital elevation models from stereopairs, and geo-referencing with other digital data sets. A digital mosaic of Mt. Pelée was created from air photos acquired in 1951, which covered the region affected by the 1902 eruption. Severe mismatches occurred along edges of adjacent photographs prior to correction, which precluded quantitative morphologic analysis of the volcanic edifice. Geometric corrections and histogram equalization of digitized air photos allowed creation of a continuous mosaic. Comparison of the mosaic and a map based on differences in gray scale and texture to a volcanostratigraphic map revealed that not only the various deposits produced during the 1902 event were easily differentiated, but that older eruptive products were identified, suggesting that this approach may be used for rapid hazard evaluation of historically active tropical volcanoes. Received: 22 January 1996 / Accepted: 26 July 1996