倾斜摄影与近景摄影相结合的山地城市实景三维精细化重建与单体化研究

无人机倾斜摄影实景三维模型是一种能够对复杂山地环境较好感知和表达的有效手段之一。本文针对复杂山地城市开展倾斜摄影实景三维存在的问题,提出了适应于山地区域的多尺度的影像获取策略,并通过与近景摄影测量融合建模的方法,实现了对山地城市倾斜摄影实景三维模型精细化建模的目的;同时,对实景三维模型的单体化方法进行了介绍及对比分析,对后期山地城市开展倾斜摄影提供了一定的技术参考。     

Mapping small areas using a low-cost close range photogrammetric software package with aerial photography

Generating maps of small areas using conventional aerial photography is of great interest for small engineering firms. The main problem is the high cost of the sophisticated digital photogrammetric workstations usually employed. In this paper, a low-cost close range photogrammetric software package is used to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of points on the land surface from a photogrammetric flight at a scale of approximately 1:5000. Furthermore, the influence of the type of scanner used to digitise photographs (consumer-grade or photogrammetric scanner), the resolution of the digital images and the number of control points required are examined. The root mean square errors obtained at the check points, using a low-cost close range software package, scanning aerial images with a photogrammetric scanner and 24 ground control points, were around 116 mm for X and Y coordinates, and 191 mm for Z. These levels of accuracy allow the generation of planimetric maps at a scale of 1:1500 and topographic maps with a contour interval of around 1 m. When the images were scanned with a consumer-grade scanner, the root mean square errors were around 150 mm for X and Y, and 271 mm for Z.     

基于低空摄影数据的三维校园场景构建

为满足对外展示和发展规划的需要,开发了一套三维漫游展示系统。系统是以Quest3D为平台,利用低空无人机（UAV）航空摄影技术结合三维建模软件（3DsMAX）来构建校园的三维真实场景,最后在多通道环幕（立体）仿真投影系统上进行漫游展示。对其技术关键、基本流程及展示进行了较为详细的阐述,为相关三维虚拟场景构建和展示工作提供了较好的实践参考。     

哈苏H4D-60相机投影中心位置精确测定方法研究

提出了一种精确测定数码相机投影中心位置的方法,详细介绍了其工作原理和实施方法。利用Metro In经纬仪三坐标测量系统和Metro In-DPM数字工业摄影测量系统的高精度测量特点,提高了控制点坐标测量精度、控制点标志中心像点坐标量测精度并实现了相机的高精度标校。在一个试验里完成了高精度相机标校和投影中心位置精确测定,实现的投影中心位置测定精度优于5 mm。     

倾斜摄影三维模型与大场景地形的融合算法

针对现有的数据融合算法不能解决倾斜摄影的三维模型与大场景地形相互融合的问题,提出了一种基于外部缓冲区和TIN瓦片金字塔的数据融合新算法。采用在倾斜摄影地形外部建立过渡缓冲区的方法,解决了倾斜摄影地形和大场景地形的平滑过渡问题,这种方法还保证了倾斜摄影地形的精度。在过渡缓冲区内采样时构造了多条缓冲带,这种采样方法实现了采样密度从倾斜摄影地形到大场景地形的逐渐过渡;通过建立TIN瓦片金字塔实现了对多分辨率数据调度和纹理贴图的支持。实验结果表明,这种方法把倾斜摄影的三维模型与大场景地形很好地融合在一起,并且融合后的数据可以在三维地理信息系统中流畅地调度。     

Habitat change on Horn Island,Mississippi, 1940-2010, determined from textural features in panchromatic vertical aerial imagery

Habitat-type land cover on Horn Island, Mississippi, northern Gulf of Mexico, was estimated for the years 1940 and 2010 using a combination of panchromatic imagery and 2010 ground survey data. A grey-level co-occurrence matrix was applied to compute reflectance coefficient of variation (CV) and texture indices. The relationships of 2010 CV ranges with known habitat types defined training regions of interest in the 1940 imagery as a substitute for 1940 ground data. Texture indices contrast, correlation, energy and entropy then served as input bands for maximum likelihood classifications which produced 1940 and 2010 habitat maps. Analysis determined that wetter habitats on Horn expanded linearly over the seven-decade period. This is attributed to constraints on sediment supply and the impacts of severe storms which led to decreases in soil depth to the water table. If this trend continues, marsh habitat will cover 31% of Horn Island’s land area by 2050.     

RCD30倾斜航摄仪使用经验总结

对RCD30倾斜航摄仪在实际使用中的经验进行了总结,对该航摄仪的机载安装及数据获取注意事项进行了详细的分析,本文对倾斜航空摄影现场执行有重要的指导意义,也可为普通航空摄影提供参考。     

特高压交流工程施工全景管控系统研究

特高压交流输变电工程输送距离长,建设规模大,施工安全风险大,文明施工和环保水保要求高,建设管理难度增大。本文以淮南-南京-上海1 000 k V交流特高压工程为例,集成应用地理信息系统、三维可视化和IT等技术,对施工现场实施无人机航摄,开展特高压工程施工安全管控系统研究[1-6],实现施工现场的安全、质量、环保水保和通道清理信息的管控,使建设管理人员全面地掌握施工现场信息,进一步提高基建管理水平。     

浅议基于PixelGrid的无人机空中三角测量常见问题及解决方法

目前,使用无人机进行数字航空摄影测量的应用越来越广泛,已经逐步成为生产大比例尺4D产品的主流手段,本文主要介绍使用Pixel Grid高分辨率遥感影像一体化测图系统进行无人机空中三角测量的主要技术难点和处理方法,以便更有效、自主地进行测绘产品的生产和应用。     

Aerial survey for archaeology

Aerial photography for archaeology has been developing its approaches and techniques over the past 100 years so that it now integrates the results of reconnaissance with extensive interpretative and analytical surveys. This paper introduces the philosophy and approach of the English Heritage (EH) Aerial Survey team, covering aerial reconnaissance and the National Mapping Programme (NMP), as well as the potential developments and opportunities in Europe. In the 1980s there was a debate over the nature of the evidence derived from aerial photographs, especially how to describe archaeological features. As part of NMP a classification and recording system has been devised which meets most of the users' needs, be they national organisations, county archaeologists, commercial contractors or university-based researchers. The maps and records produced by NMP are used to further our understanding of the past human settlement in England, not only at the individual site level, but also in regional or landscape contexts. This paper provides an overview of the current progress of NMP and acts as an entrée for explaining the current research and recording of archaeological landscapes throughout Europe. Recent developments in Britain and Europe have provided the opportunity for a greater priority to be given to aerial survey and accelerating programmes of mapping. In Europe the ending of the cold war has allowed greater access to aerial photographs and the possibility of beginning new reconnaissance, as well as introducing new forms of remote sensing. All these developments have led to a transformation of our understanding of prehistoric, Roman and medieval archaeology.