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41.
The stability of a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere system similar to the one studied by Hirst with general ocean thermodynamics
is investigated in which the atmospheric heating is determined by sea surface temperature anomalies as well as the convergence
feedback (low level moisture convergence by the waves themselves). It is shown that the unstable coupled mode found by Hirst
(UH mode) is profoundly modified by the convergence feedback. The feedback increases the unstable range of the UH mode and
can increase its growth rate several folds. The maximally growing UH mode can become westward propagating for certain strength
of convergence feedback. If the convergence feedback strength exceeds a critical value, several new unstable intraseasonal
modes are also introduced. These modes are basically ‘advective’ modes. For relatively weak strengths of the convergence feedback
the growth rates of these modes are smaller than that of the UH mode. As the atmosphere approaches ‘moist neutral’ state,
the growth rates of these modes could become comparable or even larger than that of the UH mode. It is argued that these results
explain why the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal is clear in the eastern Pacific but not so in the western Pacific
and they may also explain some of the differences between individual ENSO events. Our results also explain the aperiodic behaviour
of some coupled numerical models. Importance of this process in explaining the observed aperiodicity of the ENSO phenomenon
is indicated. 相似文献
42.
A new technique actively controls thermal radiation and monitors sample properties during laser-heating in a diamond anvil cell. The technique can be described as a qualitative application of thermal analysis. Discontinuities in temperature, laser power, visible thermal radiation, or in their derivatives as functions of time can be associated with the enthalpy of phase transitions (such as melting) or with changes in maternal properties (such as emissivity).The technique is illustrated with melting experiments on iron-magnesium-silicate perovskite. Temperature corrections associated with these experiments are discussed and the results are briefly reviewed. 相似文献
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本文利用CHAMP卫星加速度仪测量数据,计算和分析2003年11月20~21日大磁暴期间大气质量密度扰动的全球分布特征;研究暴时变化与极区大尺度对流引起的全球焦耳加热总功率及环电流指数SYM H之间的关系.结果表明,磁暴期间400 km高度上热层大气质量密度大幅度上升, NRLMSISE 00模式预测值与此相比有很大差别;暴时大气密度的增大存在昼/夜半球不对称性:白天强于夜晚,且白天随纬度的分布呈现出比较复杂的图像,在赤道附近和南半球中低纬区(10°N ~50°S)大气密度增大较强,并呈双峰分布,两个峰分别位于0°和45°S,另外在极区也出现大气密度扰动的局部极大,而在夜晚,大气密度变化南北半球比较对称,在赤道低纬区大气密度增大较强;互相关分析表明,中低纬区大气密度变化滞后于全球焦耳加热总功率3~7 h,滞后于环电流指数(SYM H)0~3 h,与二者存在很强的相关,表明极区焦耳加热和赤道环电流过程对暴时热层大气密度扰动有重要影响. 相似文献
46.
Western Pacific Jet Stream Anomalies at 200 hPa in Winter Associated with Oceanic Surface Heating and Transient Eddy Activity 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
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The relationships between the 200-hPa westerly jet stream anomalies over the East Asian coastal water- western Pacific(WPJS),and the oceanic surface heating and synoptic-scale transient eddy(STE)activity anomalies over the North Pacific in wintertime are examined by using ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.The analysis demonstrates that the surface heating and the STE anomalies have different patterns, corresponding to the three WPJS anomalous modes,respectively.In the first WPJS anomalous mode,the WPJS main part shows no robust anomaly.The anomalous westerly wind,occurring over the mid-latitude central-eastern Pacific past the date line is associated with the anomalous heating presenting both in the tropical central-eastern Pacific past the date line and the center of the North Pacific basin.Meanwhile,the STE anomaly appears around the region of the anomalous zonal wind.The fluctuation in jet strength shown in the second WPJS mode is strongly related to the heating anomaly in the Kuroshio Current region and the STE anomaly in the jet exit region.The third mode demonstrates a northward/southward shift of the WPJS,which has a statistical connection with a south-north dipolar pattern of the heating anomaly in the western North Pacific separated at 35°N.Meanwhile,the STE spatial displacement is in conjunction with jet shifts in the same direction.The heating anomaly has a close connection with the atmospheric circulation, and thus changes the mid-latitude baroclinicity,leading to the STE anomaly,which then reinforces the WPJS anomaly via internal atmospheric dynamics. 相似文献
47.
为了解决鲁北平原区农村冬季清洁供暖问题,扩大地下水地源热泵系统的应用规模,以区内广泛发育的咸水体为研究目标,在简述第四纪地层特征的基础上,阐明了第四纪含水砂层与咸水体的分布特征,总结了区内以往开展的4个浅层地热能勘查项目所施工的水文地质勘探孔抽水试验与回灌试验成果。结果表明: 研究区咸水含水层单井涌水量320~475 m3/d,单位涌水量12.76~28.3 m3/(d·m),自然回灌条件下单井回灌量30~56 m3/d,单位回灌量5.85~17.5 m3/(d·m); 单眼开采井可供暖面积为3 481.02 m2,可满足约35户农村住宅的冬季供暖需求; 研究区在进行浅层地热能开发时建议优先选择地下水地源热泵系统,对于供暖/制冷能耗需求较小的农村单户建筑,可选择地埋管地源热泵系统进行分散式供暖/制冷。 相似文献
48.
用一个全球谱模式作数值试验研究了1979年6月中旬一次西太平洋副热带高压西伸北进的中期天气过程中青藏高原热源的作用。结果表明:高原的热力作用主要表现在对副高北侧锋区的形成、锋区瓣强度以及与锋区对应的对流层中上层西风急流的强度有较大的影响,有高原热力作用时,锋眍和西风流的强度都强,反之则很弱;另外还发现青藏高原感热和潜热作用是相互依赖的,在一定的天气过程中,弧立起来讨论其各自的相对重要性不太合符实际 相似文献
49.
The medium-range change of the subtropical high of June 1979 and its influences of the heating sources over Tibet Plateau are studied by using a global circulation spectrum-model. The analyses of the simulation results show that the heating sources over Tibet Plateau play an important role in the process of frontogenesis. the intensity of frontal zone and the upper-tropospheric westerly jet associated with it. When there are heating sources over Tibet Plateau. both the frontal zone and westerly jet are stronger. There are very important mutual relations between the sensible heating and latent heating. After the sensible heating and latent heating are isolated.it departs much from reality that the significance of them are studied 相似文献
50.
This study investigates the effect of a heat‐treatment upon the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of a model cement‐based material, i.e. a normalized mortar, with a (w/c) ratio of 0.5. First, a whole set of varied experimental results is provided, in order to either identify or validate a thermo‐mechanical constitutive model, presented in the second paper part. Experimental responses of both hydraulic and mechanical behaviour are given after different heating/cooling cycling levels (105, 200, 300, 400°C). The reference state, used for comparison purposes, is taken after mass stabilization at 60°C. Typical uniaxial compression tests are provided, and original triaxial deviatoric compressive test responses are also given. Hydraulic behaviour is identified simultaneously to triaxial deviatoric compressive loading through gas permeability Kgas assessment. Kgas is well correlated with volumetric strain evolution: gas permeability increases hugely when εv testifies of a dilatant material behaviour, instead of contractile from the test start. Finally, the thermo‐mechanical model, based on a thermodynamics approach, is identified using the experimental results on uniaxial and triaxial deviatoric compression. It is also positively validated at residual state for triaxial deviatoric compression, but also by using a different stress path in lateral extension, which is at the origin of noticeable plasticity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献