双等腰三角形凸起地形在SH波入射时的地表位移函数

利用"分区、辅助函数"思想,将求解的区域分为三部分,区域Ⅰ为一个带有半圆形弧线的等腰三角形区域,区域Ⅱ也为一个带有半圆形弧线的等腰三角形区域,区域Ⅲ为两个带有半圆形凹陷的弹性半空间,并利用波函数展开法分别在区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和区域Ⅲ中构造满足等腰三角形在其斜面上应力自由和在弹性半空间中满足水平面上应力自由的驻波函数,以此为基础,通过区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ和区域Ⅲ的"公共边界"位移应力连续条件,建立对该问题进行求解的无穷代数方程组,并采用截断有限项的方法对其进行求解。     

S-wave velocity structure beneath Changbaishan volcano inferred from receiver function

The S wave velocity structure in Changbaishan volcanic region was obtained from teleseismic receiver func-tion modeling. The results show that there exist distinct low velocity layers in crust in volcano area. Beneath WQD station near to the Tianchi caldera the low velocity layer at 8 km depth is 20 km thick with the lowest S-wave velocity about 2.2 km/s. At EDO station located 50 km north of Tianchi caldera,no obvious crustal low velocity layer is detected. In the volcanic re-gion,the thickness of crustal ...     

Control of sediment dynamics by vegetation as a key function driving biogeomorphic succession within fluvial corridors

Riparian vegetation responds to hydrogeomorphic disturbances and environmental changes and also controls these changes. Here, we propose that the control of sediment erosion and deposition by riparian vegetation is a key geomorphological and ecological (i.e. biogeomorphic) function within fluvial corridors. In a 3 year study, we investigated the correlations between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphic dynamics along a transverse gradient from the main channel to the floodplain of the River Tech, France. Sediment erosion and deposition rates varied significantly along the transverse gradient as a function of the vegetation biovolume intercepting water flow. These effects, combined with the extremely strong mechanical resistance of pioneer woody structures and strong resilience of pioneer labile herbaceous communities, Populus nigra and Salix spp., explain the propensity of biogeomorphic succession (i.e. the synergy between vegetation succession and landform construction) to progress between destructive floods. This geomorphological function newly identified as an ‘ecosystem function’ per se encompasses the coupling of habitat and landform creation, maintenance and change with fundamental ecosystem structural changes in space and in time. Three different biogeomorphic functions, all related to the concept of ecosystem engineering, were identified: (i) the function of pioneer herbaceous communities to retain fine sediment and diaspores in the exposed zones of the active tract near the water resource, facilitating recruitment of further herbaceous and Salicacea species; (ii) the function of woody vegetation to drive the construction of forested islands and floodplains; and (iii) the function of stabilised riparian forests to act as ‘diversity reservoirs’ which can support regeneration after destructive floods. Overall, this study based on empirical data points to the fundamental importance of sediment flow control by pioneer riparian vegetation in defining fluvial ecosystem and landform organisation in time and in space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

羌塘盆地中部地区地壳S波速度结构及构造意义

羌塘盆地是我国最大的海相盆地.本文根据在羌塘盆地内布设的27个宽频带地震观测台站记录的远震波形数据,利用非线性复谱比反演算法得到各台站下方100 km深度范围内S波速度结构.结果表明,羌塘地区Moho深度较为平缓,平均深度为61 km;北羌塘地壳内低速层广泛分布;北羌塘具有两个较大的沉积盆地,龙尾错和白滩湖坳陷,沉积厚度分别有10 km和15 km.尽管北羌塘下地壳受到强烈的新生代火山岩作用改造,但是这种深部岩浆热作用会加速烃源岩中有机质的热演化历程,北羌塘两个盆地具有很好的油气前景.与北羌塘低速层分布相比,南羌塘下低速层更深,可能与班公怒江洋于中生代的俯冲消减及拉萨地体北向俯冲有关.

     

地壳形变分析的抗差最小二乘配置迭代解法

利用最小二乘配置进行地壳形变分析,其结果的合理性关键在于经验协方差函数的拟合.考虑到观测数据存在粗差的情况,提出基于观测值中位数初值的抗差最小二乘配置方法和基于中位参数法的抗差最小二乘配置方法.两种方法首先分别利用观测值中位数给出观测值初始权阵以及利用中位参数法给出最小二乘配置初始解,然后均在给定协方差函数参数初始值的情况下,应用合适的等价权进行抗差估计并通过迭代计算,最终获得稳健的协方差函数参数估值及最小二乘配置解.利用本文提出的两种方法以及传统方法分别对庐山地震的GPS垂直位移数据和意大利L'Aquila地震的InSAR同震位移数据进行处理分析.结果表明：相对传统方法,基于观测值中位数初值的抗差最小二乘配置方法效果更好,更具稳健性.

     

瞬变电磁采样函数优化法降噪技术

常用的双极性同步采样方法对瞬变电磁系统的观测噪声具有一定的抑制作用,但在实际工作中其噪声抑制能力仍显不足.本文在双极性同步采样方法基础上提出一种优化方法,以提升瞬变电磁系统的噪声抑制能力,即：通过对取样道加高斯窗函数的方式,赋予取样道内各采样点合适的累加权重,提升系统对取样道内高频噪声的抑制能力;使用高斯窗函数与梳状滤波器构造复合窗函数,通过对包含所有叠加周期的完整观测序列加复合窗函数的形式优化各周期的叠加权重,提升系统对实际工频噪声的抑制能力.对优化前后不同采样函数的谱特性及野外实测数据的处理效果进行比较,结果表明本文提出的方法较传统双极性同步采样方法具有更强的噪声抑制能力.

     

低频检波器频谱补偿算法建模及仿真

采用数值仿真的方法建立了动圈式检波器的仿真模型,推导检波器传递函数,通过对实际动圈式检波器频率特性的测试,验证了动圈式检波器数值仿真模型的正确性,分析动圈检波器频率响应特性,分别对动圈式检波器的自然频率、灵敏度、阻尼比进行仿真,对不同自然频率、灵敏度、阻尼比对检波器输出频率特性的影响进行了分析,使用二阶二次型反馈补偿方法,设计检波器低频补偿结构,结果表明：数值仿真模型与实际检波器的频率响应一致,补偿结构使检波器自然频率由2 Hz降低至0.2 Hz.

     

中国东北地区高分辨率地壳结构:远震接收函数

利用分布在东北地区的国家地震局台网、NECESSArray台网、吉林大学在长白山及其周边地区布设的26个临时台站总计259个台站接收到的16,070条高质量的P波接收函数,采用H-k和CCP(Common Conversion Point,共转换点)叠加成像方法,获得该区高分辨率的地壳结构.观测结果显示,东北地区莫霍界面深度和地表高程总体呈镜像关系;西部大兴安岭—太行山重力梯级带附近存在莫霍界面深度陡变带;中部的松辽盆地地区受晚中生代的地壳拉伸作用影响,地壳厚度较薄,北部的小兴安岭地区和南部的华北北缘造山带可能同样受拉伸运动影响,具有较小的地壳厚度;松辽盆地莫霍界面深度由西向东逐渐减小,推测这与太平洋板块俯冲作用有关;东部地区莫霍界面结构比较复杂,依兰—伊通断裂与敦化—密山断裂之间出现复杂震相,可能与该区存在地幔物质的底侵作用有关;长白山火山地区地壳厚度较大,对应较高的波速比,推测在该区地壳内存在岩浆囊.     

Turbulent intensity and its similarity function over an Inner Mongolian grassland during spring

Macroscopic reason for the development of turbulences in fluid is the conjunction action of velocity and temperature shears. We use the 2008 spring flux observations in the surface layer over Inner Mongolian grassland, obtain the similarity functions of turbulent intensity under different stratification stability conditions, and calculate the clear day turbulent intensity in the spring, which is then analyzed and compared with the observed values of turbulent intensity. The results show that in the Inner Mo...     

一种基于多能统计的射束硬化校正方法

在X射线层析成像(X-CT)系统中,传统的CT重建算法都基于射线源是单能的假设提出的,而实际的射线源是多能的,直接由多能投影数据用传统的重建算法重建图像,会导致硬化效应。本文把实际的多能谱细化成若干个子能谱,根据光子数服从Poisson分布这一规律建立数学模型,在传统迭代重建算法的基础上,借用统计的方法进行参数估计。实验结果表明该方法可以有效消除重建图像中的杯状伪影,提高重建图像质量。