西藏拉隆穹窿淡色花岗岩中石榴子石矿物学研究及对岩浆-热液过程的指示

为建立淡色花岗岩演化和稀有金属成矿的矿物学指标,本文选取了北喜马拉雅拉隆淡色花岗岩的石榴子石为研究对象,对其开展电子探针分析和矿物原位LA-ICP-MS微量分析,结果表明MnO含量从白云母花岗岩(12.42%~13.48%)到钠长石花岗岩(16.83%~22.09%)逐渐增高,白云母花岗岩石榴子石主要为铁铝榴石,钠长石花岗岩中石榴子石主要为锰铝榴石,其均为典型岩浆成因的石榴子石。石榴子石微量元素结果显示白云母花岗岩和钠长石花岗岩石榴子石稀土均呈现HREE富集、LREE亏损,Eu负异常的特征。从白云母花岗岩到钠长石花岗岩,石榴子石中Zn含量增加,Sc、Y和HREE等元素含量降低,特别是当HREE含量小于1000×10^-6时,稀有金属元素Be、Nb和Ta含量增加,标志着岩浆演化从正岩浆阶段进入了岩浆-热液过渡阶段。形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段的锰铝榴石可以作为拉隆淡色花岗岩Be-Nb-Ta稀有金属矿化的矿物学指标,此外,石榴子石中Sc、Y和HREE等元素的变化也可以作为淡色花岗岩稀有金属矿化的判别标志。     

湖北宜昌樟村坪陡山沱组沉积的氧化还原环境及其成磷意义——来自微量元素的约束

通过分析湖北宜昌樟村坪万家沟剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组二段岩石样品的主量、微量元素,对该区域埃迪卡拉纪海洋的氧化还原状态进行了制约。氧化还原敏感元素的富集系数以及U/Th比值存在着明显的演化趋势,这些趋势显示陡山沱组二段沉积时期海水至少经历了3次含氧量明显减少的过程,并与磷含量显著增加相对应,分别沉积磷质条带、磷块岩和硅质结核白云岩。樟村坪地区下磷矿层沉积于水体由氧化快速转变为缺氧的环境之中。本文研究表明水体的氧化还原状态是影响埃迪卡拉纪成磷的关键因素之一。     

海沟金矿地质-地球化学特征及其成矿机制探讨

海沟金矿床产于海沟花岗岩体中,受NE-NNE向断裂控制,为大型贫硫化物石英脉型金矿床.微量元素研究表明成矿作用以充填作用为主,矿床主要指示元素为Au、Ag、Hg、Pb、Bi、Mo,由上至下的轴向分带序列为Ba-Hg-Ag-Bi-Au-As-Sb-Pb-Mo.同位素和流体地球化学资料表明成矿物源与色洛河群变质岩系和海沟花岗岩有关,成矿流体由岩浆水和古大气降水组成,流体属CO2-NaCl-Na2SO4-H2O型.在区域地质构造演化背景下,深大断裂的活动导致富金的色洛河群变质岩系发生深熔作用形成海沟花岗岩及富矿质和矿化剂的岩浆热液,同时也产生了以大气降水为主的含矿热液.在143 Ma左右,随区内应力场转变为张性,并在岩体和周边地层中形成大量NE-NNE向次级断裂系统,富矿质和矿化剂的岩浆热液和以大气降水为主的含矿热液的平衡被打破,导致两种流体向NE-NNE向次级断裂系统的扩容带迁移,混合作用、沸腾作用以及物化条件的改变导致金的沉淀,从而造就了海沟金矿床.     

内蒙古白云鄂博矿区富钾板岩的热水沉积成因特征

通过对白云鄂博富钾板岩的岩石学、矿物学及岩石化学的研究,提出富钾板岩是一种热水沉积钾长石岩的认识。富钾板岩是白云鄂博矿区的一种重要岩性,与上下岩层呈不规则层状或夹层产出,致密状微晶或隐晶质结构。其中钾长石含量在80%以上,X射线衍射分析表明其2θ(2-01)=21 00,2θ(060)=41 800,2θ(2-04)=50 560,求得三斜度Δ=0 91,有序度δ=0 89,属于典型的低钠、低温、有序最大的微斜长石,微斜长石成分占98%以上。岩石中富含微量元素B、F、Sr、Ba,平均质量分数分别为26×10-6、3386×10-6、119×10-6和1735×10-6,结合X射线衍射分析表明微斜长石中有冰长石成分。稀土元素以轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、个别出现正铕异常为特征。根据热水流体中钾浓度与温度的相关性及热水沉积、交代和充填物中经常出现钾长石矿物,分析认为白云鄂博矿区出现的富钾板岩是热水沉积钾长石岩,其形成于火山期后的溶液活动阶段。     

Study on a new shear wall system with shaking table test and finite element analysis

A new seismic energy dissipation shear wall structure is proposed in this paper. The new shear wall is one with purposely built‐in vertical slits within the wall panel, and rubber belts as seismic energy dissipation devices are installed in the vertical slits. In order to verify this concept, shaking table tests of a 10‐storey shear wall model with rubber belts filled in the vertical slits were carried out, and comparison of seismic behaviour was made between the new shear wall system and a shear wall with reinforced concrete connecting beams as energy dissipation. Furthermore, the seismic behaviour of this new shear wall is analysed by a finite element time history analysis method. The test and analysis show that the new shear wall system has a very good ability to dissipate seismic energy and is easy to use in engineering practice. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Discrete Wavenumber Boundary Element Method for study of the 3-D response 2-D scatterers

A mathematical formulation of the 2·5D elastodynamic scattering problem is presented and validated. The formulation is a straightforward extension of the Discrete Wave number Boundary Integral Equation Method (DWBIEM) originally proposed by Kawase¹ for 2D scattering problems and subsequently extended to the 3D problem by Kim and Papageorgiou.² It is demonstrated that the Green's function which is appropriate for a boundary formulation of the 2·5D elastodynamic scattering problem is the one corresponding to a unit force moving on a straight line with constant velocity. Such a Green's function is derived in the present study. The formulation may be used to study the wavefields in models of sedimentary deposits (e.g. valleys) or topography (e.g. canyons or ridges) with a 2D variation in structure but obliquely incident plane waves. The advantage of a 2·5D formulation is that it provides the means for calculations of 3D wavefields in scattering problems by requiring a storage comparable to that of the corresponding 2D calculations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermodynamic Modelling of Ore-Forming Mechanism of the Changkeng Gold-Silver Deposits in Guangdong Province

The Changkeng gold-silver deposits consist of a sediment-hosted, disseminated gold deposit and a replacement-type silver deposit. The mineralizations of gold and silver are zoned and closely related to the silicification of carbonate and clastic rocks, so that siliceous ores dominate in the deposit. The mineralizing temperature ranges mainly from 300 to 170℃, and K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl- are the major ions in the ore-forming fluid. Calculations of distribution of metal complexes show that gold is mainly transported by hydrosulphide complexes, but chloride complexes of silver, iron, lead, and zinc, which are transformed into hydroxyl and hydrosulphide complexes under neutral to weak-alkaline circumstances in the late stage, predominate in the ore-forming solutions. Water-rock interaction is confirmed to be the effective mechanism for the formation of silver ores by computer modelling of reaction of hydrothermal solution with carbonate rocks. The solubility analyses demonstrate that the precipitation     

中国分散元素富集与成矿研究新进展

本文重申了对分散元素种类的界定,将Cd、Ga、In、Tl、Ge、Se、Te和Re 8种元素作为分散元素既兼顾了传统习惯,也考虑到了地球化学性质的异同,同时也考虑了地质事实.近十年来,分散元素大规模的工业利用引发了对分散元素资源的进一步研究,新的研究成果主要包括：①分散元素可以成矿,可以形成独立和共生矿床,可以形成大型甚至超大型矿床,甚至可以形成分散元素矿集区或成矿域,这一新的进展打破了分散元素不能独立成矿的传统观念.在中国已经发现了许多分散元素独立矿床;②分散元素的富集成矿具有矿床类型和矿物类型的专属性,这意味着注意特定的矿床类型,会使找到相应的分散元素矿床的可能性增加;③发现和明确了分散元素的三种主要存在形式即独立矿物、类质同象和吸附,首次在国内矿床中发现了一系列分散元素矿物和新矿物;④Se、Tl、Cd的释放对环境的危害最主要的方式是通过污染饮用水进而影响到人类健康,其它分散元素对环境的作用目前还不十分清楚.     

DX桩及其在郑州地区的适用性分析

DX桩由于具有良好的桩—土间力学性能,在建设项目应用中取得了良好的效果。通过分析DX桩的桩—土间力学特点以及郑州地区的地质条件,采用理论分析和有限元数值仿真方法,分析DX桩在郑州地区的适用性,为DX桩在郑州地区的工程应用提供参考依据。     

青海木里三露天天然气水合物矿藏土壤微量元素地球化学特征

在祁连山冻土区木里天然气水合物矿区进行了微量元素地球化学勘查有效性试验,试验面积150 km2,采样密度2个点/km²。研究表明,土壤Ba、V、Fe 、Ca等元素在水合物矿藏上方呈现顶部异常,而且异常吻合程度较高。微量元素预测天然气水合物具有较高的成功率,调查前钻探的干井(DK-4、DK-5和DK-6)位于背景区,调查前钻探的水合物井(DK-1、DK-2、DK-3、DK-7)和调查后水合物井(DK3-11、DK2-13、DK1-14)位于异常内。试验结果还预测了祁连山天然气水合物两个新的远景区。试验表明,微量元素是祁连山冻土区寻找天然气水合物的有效指示元素,它们与水合物其它化探指标结合冻土条件和地质特征综合解释,可以提高冻土区天然气水合物预测成功率。