岩体质量对地下工程开挖效应的影响研究

以西北某大型水电站地下厂房洞室群为例．在地质调查的基础上,对洞室群围岩岩体质量进行了分析评价。而后,运用数值模拟手段研究了岩体质量不同时．洞室群开挖效应——二次应力场、位移场和破坏区的差异．较全面地讨论了岩体质量对洞室群开挖效应的影响。     

A dynamic network model for two‐phase immiscible flow

A dynamic pore‐scale network model is formulated for two‐phase immiscible flow. Interfaces are tracked through the pore throats using a modified Poiseuille equation, whereas special displacement rules are used at the pore bodies. The model allows interfaces to move over several pore‐lengths within a time step. Initial computational results are presented for a drainage experiment to demonstrate some of the features of the model. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometric Determination of Major, Minor and Trace Elements in Microwave Oven Acid Leachates of Powdered Whole Coal Samples

Major concentrations of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO, Na₂O and K₂O, minor levels of TiO₂, P₂O₅ and thirty petrologically, geochemically and environmentally significant trace elements have been determined in microwave oven acid leachates of whole powdered coal samples by direct current plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (DCP‐AES). A single sample preparation procedure was suitable for all the determinations with no additional dilution step for major elements solution. Dried samples (0.5 g) were treated in low‐pressure PFA digestion vessels with HF/HCl/HNO₃/HClO₄ acids to quantitatively extract the analytes from the bulk material, while leaving the major part of organic matrix as a residue. The major constituents of geological samples, in particular the easily ionised elements (EIEs) such as alkali and alkaline earths, may complicate the instrumental determinations in DCP‐AES because of differential enhancements of elemental emission intensities and stray light interferences. Taking account of these factors, the coal matrix is considered to have very low major oxide totals as compared to many other common geo‐environmental and related materials (rocks, sediments, soil, ashes etc.). The sample size employed here, while yielding a relatively concentrated solution to cover a wide range of elemental determinations, provided a sample matrix that significantly diminished interferences for DCP measurements. The need for closely matching the unknowns and calibrators was eliminated except for overall acidity and an excess quantity of caesium for EIE buffering. Calibration of the spectrometer was accomplished by simple aqueous single element solutions as high concentration calibrators in addition to a reagent blank as a low concentration calibrator. Two point working curves were established to allow for the maximum concentrations of each element expected in the unknowns. The precision of determinations under routine conditions as well as the reproducibility of the leaching and precision of instrumental measurements have been evaluated. Relative standard deviations (RSD) were of 1–2% for those elements whose concentrations in solid samples were well above the limits of quantification. Method detection limits in the buffered solutions were also evaluated. To evaluate the accuracy of the microwave oven‐DCP method a suite of eight certified coal reference materials of differing rank, were analysed with good agreement with the certified and/or available published data. Results are presented for the uncertified major oxides in the AR series reference materials.     

高密度电法在泰安羊娄-旧县岩溶塌陷探测中的应用

泰安东南羊娄-旧县是典型的岩溶塌陷的受灾区域,前人在此区内进行了多次研究并得出了该区域内地质推断.为验证这些推断,本文在总结前人研究的基础上,利用高密度电阻率法对该区近几年塌陷是否仍然进行以及目前发育的最新程度进行了对比总结.此次基本验证了前人在工作区内关于塌陷是由于地下水水位变动的基本论断,总结了开展对比性物探方法的...     

A multiphase approach for evaluating the horizontal and rocking impedances of pile group foundations

This paper advocates the use of a multiphase model, already developed for static or quasi‐static geotechnical engineering problems, for simulating the behaviour of piled raft foundations subject to horizontal as well as rocking dynamic solicitations. It is shown that such a model, implemented in a FEM code, yields appropriate predictions for the foundation impedance characteristics, provided that shear and bending effects in the piles are taken into account, thus corroborating the findings of the asymptotic homogenization theory. Besides, it is notably pointed out that such a multiphase‐based computational tool makes it possible to assess the dynamic behaviour of pile groups in a much quicker way than when using direct numerical simulations, which may face oversized problems when large pile groups are concerned. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of an optimum design technique for determining the coefficient of consolidation by using piezocone test data

For normally consolidated clay, several researchers have developed a number of theoretical time factors to determine the coefficient of consolidation from piezocone test results. However, depending on assumptions and analytical techniques, it could vary considerably, even for a specific degree of consolidation. In this paper a method is proposed to determine a consistent coefficient of consolidation by applying the concept of an optimum design technique over all ranges of the degree of consolidation. Initial excess pore pressure distribution is assumed to be capable of being obtained by the successive spherical cavity expansion theory. The dissipation of pore pressure is simulated by means of a two-dimensional linear-uncoupled axi-symmetric consolidation analysis. The minimization of differences between measured and predicted excess pore pressure was carried out by the BFGS unconstrained optimum design algorithm with a one-dimensional golden section search technique. By analyzing numerical examples and in-situ test results, it was found that the adopted optimum design technique gives consistent and convergent results.     

频率测深的地形影响及其校正方法

从含源麦克斯韦方程出发，按照二维地形条件下的线源非齐次赫姆霍兹方程确定其边界条件，用边界元法计算了起伏地形条件下线源的频测影响曲线，并将其转换为二维地形点源赤道偶极装置频测曲线。总结了地形对频测曲线影响的规律，提出了地形校正的方法。     

储层岩石流动电位的电化学影响因素

利用储层岩石的流动电位特性描述油藏的流动特性已引起地球物理领域的关注。依据多孔介质中的双电层模型与毛管电化学理论,建立了渗流场、离子流场和电流场的耦合关系,数值模拟了泥质砂岩储渗特性和电化学因素对流动电位耦合系数的影响。结果表明:当考虑储层岩石中存在浓差极化效应时,流动电位耦合系数的绝对值随溶液浓度、阳离子交换量、孔隙度和渗透率的增大而增大;浓差极化效应对流动电位具有放大作用。     

城轨交通引起的环境振动问题综述研究

随着城市化进程的加快和人们生活质量的提高,城市轨道交通系统引起的沿线地面和建筑物的振动问题越来越引起人们的关注。系统地介绍了城市轨道交通的主要形式,对城市轨道交通所引起环境振动问题的国内外研究进行了综述,同时,全面分析了环境振动对人们生产生活的影响、振动产生的原因、振动预测模拟等方面的问题。对国内外有关环境振动的计算模型也系统深入地作了分析研究。     

磨抛光合成新材料在岩矿制片中的应用

作者利用所研制出来的磨抛光合成新材料与传统磨抛光工艺进行了对比试验。通过对多种最常使用的矿物或岩石的反复试验,结果表明合成新材料不仅大大提高了工作效率,还具有抛光速度快(所需时间仅为传统工艺的1/3~1/2),而且抛光效果极佳(基本无糙面或麻点),经久耐用,耗材极低和基本无巴盘打片现象。