G-Probe-1 - An International Proficiency Test for Microprobe Laboratories - Report on Round 1 : February 2002 (TB-1 Basaltic Glass)

Results are presented for round one of a new international proficiency testing programme designed for microprobe laboratories involved in the routine analysis of silicate minerals. The sample used for this round was TB-1, a basaltic glass fused and prepared by the USGS. Thirty nine laboratories contributed data to this round, the majority of major element results being undertaken by EPMA and the majority of trace elements by LA-ICP-MS. Assigned values were derived from the median of results produced by nine selected laboratories that analysed powdered material by conventional ICP-MS, INAA and XRF techniques using bulk powders of the sample. Submitted microprobe results were evaluated using a target precision calculated using the Horwitz function, adopting the same criteria as those used for "applied" geochemistry laboratories in the companion GeoPT proficiency testing programme for laboratories involved in the routine bulk analysis of silicate rocks. An evaluation of results from participating microprobe laboratories indicated that overall, data were compatible with this precision function. A comparison between the performance of bulk and microprobe techniques used in the analysis of the basaltic glass showed remarkably good agreement, with significant bias only observed for the major oxide MgO.     

河流水质风险评价的灰色-随机风险率方法

提出了量化影响河流水质的随机不确定性与灰色不确定性的水质超标灰色－随机风险率概念，建立了水质超标灰色－随机风险率评价模型。在水质单项参数评价模型中，将河流污染物浓度变量的分布处理成灰色概率分布，将污染物浓度超过水质类别标准值的风险率处理成灰色概率，即水质超标灰色－随机风险率。在水质综合评价模型中，河流水环境系统被考虑为担任某一使用可能的可靠性系统，而任意一种水质参数超标意味着河流水体使用功能不能得到应有的保证，也即表明水体综合评价超标，最后借鉴系统可靠性分析的理论和方法计算水质综合超标率。该方法应用于黄河花园口断面重金属污染风险评价。     

Hydraulic and sedimentary controls on the availability and use of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawning habitat in the River Dee system, north-east Scotland

The hydraulic and sedimentary characteristics of the spawning habitat of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in tributary and mainstem locations in a river system in north-east Scotland are described. Salmon used spawning sites with a relatively wide range in sediment characteristics, although measures of central tendency were all in the gravel (2–64 mm) size-class. The dominant factor differentiating the sediment characteristics of study sites was the level of fine sediment, which accounted for significant differences between tributary and mainstem samples. The ranges of depth and velocity in areas used for spawning by salmonids were found to be similar in all tributary study sites. However, due to the interdependence of depth and velocity, major differences were observed between tributary and mainstem study sites in that spawning in larger streams tended to be associated with deeper, faster flowing water. Spawning locations were shown to have similar Froude number, despite different sized streams and species of salmonid. Due to its dimensionless nature and significance in characterising flow hydraulics, the Froude number is proposed as a potentially useful variable for describing the habitat of aquatic organisms.     

中国东部地区耕地土壤肥力变化趋势研究

随着人口、资源和环境之间的矛盾日趋尖锐,中国耕地土壤肥力及其变化日益为世人所关注。本文利用最近20年东北地区的吉林和黑龙江省,华北地区的北京市和河北省以及长江下游地区的江苏和浙江省的15个县市180个样本点的土壤数据资料,分析了20世纪80年代以来东部地区农业土壤肥力的演变趋势。结果表明,从总体上看,东部地区除土壤速效钾下降和酸碱性有所退化外,农业土壤的有机质、全氮和速效磷平均含量都增加了。在空间分布上,土壤肥力的变化趋势存在明显差异。长江下游和华北地区的平均肥力提高,东北地区下降。另外,除华北地区的土壤酸碱性有改善外,长江下游和东北地区土壤都存在酸化倾向。     

The water level simulation for crane habitat optimization in Xianghai Nature Reserve

The probability of crane living in reedy wetlands can reach 100%, at the same time, the area of reed, the water level and adjacent water area are main factors which control the crane's habitat selection. We all know that all these factors are spatially heterogeneous. For the Xianghai wetland safety and to protect the Xianghai wetland habitat of crane, this paper has mainly identified a solution to these problems. The wetland information is extracted from the TM images, which reflect the whole wetland landscape and are very important for both quantitative analysis of remote sensing observation of the earth system and positioning analysis in GIS database that is automatically extracted from DEM. The DEM for Xianghai characteristics of topography is created. On the basis of the GRID SUBMODULE, applying the GIS spatial overlay analysis, the relationship between the water level and the reed area below the water level and the rating distribution maps of reed area above water level is established. When the water level reaches the altitude of 165 m, the reed area, 981.2 ha is maximum, i.e., the water level of 165 m is the optimal.     

煤层气开发利用与辽宁能源环境

对辽宁省主要煤田煤层气赋有条件及开发利用现状和开发潜力进行了研究评价。同时对辽宁省煤层气市场与煤层气开发效益进行了分析,并提出了重点目标区和开发利用建议。     

昆明南市区地下热水环境质量评价

昆明市地热田的开发利用已有20多年历史，部分地段长期过量开采诱发的环境地质问题日趋突出。本文用TOPSIS法和综合指数法对昆明市南市区近l0年来地下热水水质演变过程及现状作分析评价，研究结果表明昆明市地下热水已遭受到不同程度的污染，并且有恶化的趋势。     

钻孔灌注桩在某工程中的应用及质量控制

作为地下隐蔽工程的钻孔灌注桩其质量的好坏直接影响到上部构、建筑物的使用质量和安全,从成孔到灌注成桩其工艺复杂且环环相扣,相互制约又相互影响。文章从影响成桩质量的几个要点,着重分析和阐述了保证灌注质量的措施和方法。     

地球化学样品分析质量管理系统

利用VFP6．0强大的数据计算和管理功能，设计了对地质调查样品分析数据的实验室质量管理系统。该系统不仅可以同时管理多个图幅样品的数据，还可以自动实现样品编码、内检样品按指定比例随机生成、一级和二级标样质量汇总、内检合格率和报出率计算、二级标样质量监控图绘制以及按选定格式进行分析数据和内检数据的导入和导出，可以根据用户的需要输出美观的表格。该系统适用于不同比例尺化探数据的实验室质量管理。