黑龙江省及其邻区地震序列时期特征研究

通过对中国大陆１０３个地震序列（自１９６６年以来）显地震发生在６小时内的资料进行分析表明,中国东部地区地震序列的数量明显低于西部地区,而黑龙江省及其邻区地震序列的数量则更少,地震累积频度拟合函数主要呈指数函数、幂函数分布,其中双震型或多震型序列以指数函数分布为主,主余震型则以幂函数分布为主。ｈ值、ｋ值与地震数量及主余震时间差等无线性关系。显地震有前震的序列,其地震频度拟合函数、ｈ值与前震至显     

黑龙江省及其邻区地震序列早期特征研究

通过对中国大陆103个地震序列（自1966年以来）显著地震发生后6小时内的资料进行分析表明,中国东部地区地震序列的数量明显低于西部地区,而黑龙江省及其邻区地震序列的数量则更少。地震累积频度拟合函数主要呈指数函数、幂函数分布,其中双震型或多震型序列以指数函数分布为主,主余震型则以幂函数分布为主。 h 值、k 值与地震数量及主余震时间差等无线性关系。显著地震有前震的序列,其地震频度拟合函数、h 值与前震至显著地震的时间间隔有关,当时间间隔大于7小时,地震累积频度拟合函数多呈指数函数分布,h 值<0.5。     

地震波时间线性度在安徽及邻区中强震中短期预报中的应用研究

应用地震波波形时间线性度方法 ,对安徽及邻区二次中强震前后及近 8年来本省多台地震波资料 ,进行了时间线性度 r值及其初始部分振动的平均半周期 Th 值分析研究。结果认为 :1本省及邻近区域中强震前 ,震中一定范围内存在着 r值和 Th 值低值异常现象 ,异常持续时间一般在 4～ 1 2个月 ,异常恢复后至主震发生时间一般在 0～ 1 2个月内 ;2震前 r值和 Th值的异常变化 ,实际上反映的是区域应力场的调整变化     

基于岭估计的相机标定方法

相机内外参数标定是摄影测量的一个关键问题,相机参数的选取又是决定相机标定质量的重要因素,且不同等级的相机其参数的选择往往很难确定,常导致所选取的参数之间存在相关性,影响相机标定质量。相机参数间的相关性一般可以通过验后未知数之间的相关系数矩阵发现,提出了基于岭估计的相机标定方法,利用本方法可以提高参数求解精度。     

Theoretical Error Analysis of the Accuracy of Focal Depth Determination of Near Earthquakes

Focal depth is one of the most difficult seismic parameters to determine accurately in seismology. The focal depths estimated by various methods are uncertain to a considerable degree,which affects the understanding of the source process. The influence of various factors on focal depth is non-linear. The influence of epicentral distance,arrival time residual and velocity model (crust model) on focal depth is analyzed based on travel time formula of near earthquakes in this paper. When wave propagation velocity is constant, the error of focal depth increases with the increase of epicentral distance or the distance to station and the travel time residual. When the travel time residual is constant,the error of focal depth increases with the increase of the epicentral distance and the velocity of seismic wave. The study also shows that the location error perhaps becomes bigger for shallower earthquakes when the velocity is known and the travel time residual is constant. The horizontal error caused by location accuracy increases with the increase of the epicentral distance,the travel time residual and the velocity of seismic waves,thus the error of focal depth will increase with these factors. On the other hand,the errors of focal depth will lead to change of the origin time,therefore resultant outcomes will all change.     

Genetic improvement of New Zealand aquaculture species: programmes,progress and prospects

Aquaculture, like terrestrial farming, cannot achieve economic and sustainable production without high performing genetic stocks tailored to the conditions under which they are grown. It is essential, therefore, that aquaculture investment includes genetics and biotechnology to adapt marine livestock to the novel conditions of intensive aquaculture and to the demanding markets into which they are sold. The return on investment in well-structured breeding programmes can be very high, and significant performance and economic gains have been demonstrated in multiple species. Many factors must be considered in designing a genetic improvement programme, including the reproductive biology of the species and the identification of realistic and commercially relevant breeding goals based on the resources and facilities available. This paper reviews the options available to aquaculturists and provides examples of how these are being applied to six aquaculture species in New Zealand: king salmon, hāpuku, kingfish, Greenshell^TM mussels, Pacific oysters and pāua (abalone).     

四溴双酚A对7种海洋微藻的急性毒性

本文研究了四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对7种海洋微藻(微拟球藻、塔胞藻、亚心形扁藻、牟氏角毛藻、三角褐指藻、湛江等鞭金藻、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系)的急性毒性。分析了不同质量浓度TBBPA暴露下7种微藻的相对生长率、抑制率,结果显示,7种海洋微藻对TBBPA的敏感性不同,存在明显的时间—剂量效应。采用概率单位—浓度对数法得到TBBPA对牟氏角毛藻、微拟球藻、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系、湛江等鞭金藻、塔胞藻的96h半效应浓度分别为2.59、2.64、4.23、4.35和6.71mg·L-1,均属于高毒性。同时发现牟氏角毛藻在2.44mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为54.72%,微拟球藻在3.456mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为70.27%,等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系在6mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为76.64%,湛江等鞭金藻在2.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为39.24%,塔胞藻在9.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为54.21%,三角褐指藻在浓度为9.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为22.84%,亚心形扁藻在浓度14.6mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率仅为14.11%。结果显示,微拟球藻和牟氏角毛藻对TBBPA最敏感,可以作为潜在的生物指示物。     

Morphodynamic research challenges for braided river environments: Lessons from the iconic case of New Zealand

Pressures on braided river systems in New Zealand are increasing due to anthropogenic stresses such as demand for irrigation water, braidplain conversion to farmland and invasive vegetation, as well as extreme natural events associated with earthquakes and climate change. These pressures create issues around preserving braided river physical environments and associated ecosystems, and managing hazards such as floods, aggradation and erosion. A need for more robust understanding and quantification of braided river morphodynamic processes underpins many of these issues. Here, we present eight morphodynamic research challenges to service this need. The first four research challenges relate to managing aggradation-related flooding hazards; the last four address issues stem largely from recent dairy expansion, which has created huge pressure to take land and irrigation water from the alp-fed braided rivers and to alter flow regimes at their mouths. Hāpua, the freshwater lagoons found where most braided rivers meet the coast, show complex morphodynamic behaviour in response to the interplay of river and coastal processes, and their special ecosystems are sensitive to river flow and sediment load changes. We discuss how physical laboratory experiments and novel numerical modelling can help to understand the morphological processes braided rivers undergo, and we show how those research advances could inform planning and legal decisions to regulate land rights and irrigation water allocation on New Zealand's braidplains. We illustrate these environmental and engineering issues and research challenges with examples from the Kowhai, Waiho, Waiau, Rangitata and Hurunui Rivers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short Time Lyapunov Indicators in the Restricted Three-Body Problem

We applied the method of the short time Lyapunov indicators to the planar circular and to the planar elliptic restricted three-body problem in order to study the structure of the phase space in some selected regions. In the circular case we computed the short-time averages of the stretching numbers to distinguish between regular and chaotic domains of the phase space. The results obtained in this way are in good agreement with the corresponding Poincaré's surface of sections. Using the short time Lyapunov indicators we determined the detailed structure of the phase space in the semi-major axis-eccentricity plane of the test particle both in the circular and in the elliptic restricted problem (in the latter case for some values of the eccentricities of the primaries) and we studied the main features of the phase space.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quasilinear heating of electrons in the earth's plasmasphere

In the framework of a quasilinear theory we examine the interaction between thermal electrons and ion-cyclotron waves (ICW) in the outer plasmasphere of the earth. For this type of wave-particle interaction, a simplification of the quasilinear diffusion integral in a magneto-active plasma under plasmaspheric conditions is given. Under the assumption of a Maxwellian distribution of electrons we have calculated the collision frequency and the heating source as the electrons are scattered by ICW. The obtained values of intrinsic parameters of the outer plasmasphere may exceed greatly, accordingly, the Coulomb frequency of collisions and the heating source due to suprathermal electrons. ICW-heating causes the ionosphereward thermal flux to increase, and this must lead to an increase in electron temperature in lower-lying plasmaspheric regions and in the subauroral ionosphere. A quantitative estimation of the electron temperature for the hot zone, made in this paper, is consistent with available experimental data.