顾及区域相对高程的中国区域加权平均温度模型

针对区域相对高程对T_m模型影响研究领域的空缺,基于已有的对流层顶经验模型,讨论区域相对高程对T_m模型的影响,并在此基础上构建中国区域的h₀T_m回归模型,同时建立青藏高原地区的区域模型h₀T_m-Qz。模型检验结果表明：1）以ERA5格网数据为参考值,h₀T_m模型的RMS为2.43 K,相比于Bevis公式和GPT2w-1模型,精度分别提高了1.15 K(32%)和0.63 K(21%);2）以探空数据为参考值,h₀T_m模型的RMS为2.48 K,相比于Bevis公式和GPT2w-1模型精度分别提高了1.19 K(32%)和2.06 K(45%),h₀T_m模型在中国区域表现出较低的误差和良好的稳定性,尤其是在中国西部地区表现出更为显著的优势;3）顾及区域相对高程的青藏高原区域模型h₀T_m-Qz相较于该地区的单因子（T_s）区域模型T_sT_m-Qz和Bevis公式,精度分别提高了0.54 K(19%)和2.50 K(51%)。     

Comparing traditional and modern methods of kākahi translocation: implications for ecological restoration

ABSTRACT

Handling methods are an important determinant of translocation success. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, tangata whenua traditionally used insulated kete to translocate aquatic animals to new environments as part of ahumoana tawhito (ancient aquaculture). In this study we investigated the influence of three transport methods (traditional [flax kete], modern [bucket], and a hybrid of the two [bucket with flax support structures]) on the short-term performance (burrowing speed) of kākahi (freshwater mussels). We also tested whether assisted release (planting kākahi in the substrate) resulted in enhanced burrowing speeds. Kākahi that were transported using the traditional method were slower to begin probing the substrate, but there was no difference in overall burrowing speed. We also found that assisted release resulted in faster burrowing speeds. We conclude that handling and release procedures can influence the short-term performance of translocated kākahi, and we recommend procedures for future translocation projects, including transporting animals in immersion vessels where practical, and planting them at the release site     

Distribution and abundance of Abarenicola affinis (Arenicolidae,Polychaeta) in tidal inlets of Otago,New Zealand

Lugworms are important members of the macrobenthos of sheltered intertidal sediments, and this study assessed the abundance and distribution of Abarenicola affinis in Otago, southern New Zealand. Using a faecal cast:lugworm ratio (1.00:1.09) revealed a patchy distribution across inlets, with an overall mean abundance of 11.1 individuals/m² (range: 3.8 to 21.3 individuals/m²). Distribution patterns varied among inlets, with lugworms mostly confined to the high intertidal zone, but spread across all intertidal zones in one inlet. The lugworm habitat was characterised by muddy to medium sand (55–233 µm mean grain size) with low organic matter (< 2%) and chlorophyll a (1–12 µg/g dry sediment) contents. Depending on the inlet, lugworm abundance was related to sediment parameters, indicating that their distribution across Otago inlets is habitat dependent. The present findings also indicate that factors other than those measured contribute to A. affinis distribution and abundance patterns in this region.     

区域业务模式6 h降水预报检验方案比较

对我国华东、华南、华北区域气象中心和中国气象局数值预报中心业务运行的区域模式2011年5—9月的6 h降水预报, 采用不同检验结果平均方案进行对比检验。对比结果表明:不同的检验结果平均方案基本不影响与中国气象局数值预报中心模式 (NMC-GRA) 在相同区域关于TS评分比较的相对检验结论,即当两个模式评分差距较大时,评分高的模式在两个方案中是一样的,但评分比较接近时,若有一个模式对该区大尺度降水预报较好时,则可能在新方案中有较高的TS评分,而此模式原方案评分则可能略低于局地小尺度降水预报较好的模式。但对于较少发生的强降水预报的预报偏差的评价有很大不同,当新方案的结果显示多数模式对强降水的预报偏少,原方案则可能显示偏多,说明模式对大尺度的强降水预报较实况偏少,但对小尺度局地降水的预报则可能偏多。     

近32年长沙市短时强降水的气候变化研究

利用长沙市近32 a的1 h、3 h雨量资料,分析了长沙短时强降水年发生次数、月际分布、时段分布、极值分布等气候特征及1 h、3 h雨量极值趋势分析、突变检验。结果表明,长沙市1 h、3 h短时强降水年发生次数的多年平均值为4.4、3.7次,雨强平均为29.2 mm/h、14.8 mm/h。长沙发生1 h短时强降水高峰期为6-8月,3 h短时强降水高峰期为6-7月。1 h短时强降水容易发生在15-17时及20时等时段,3 h短时强降水容易发生在04-08时及01时等时段。1 h、3 h短时强降水年雨量极值大多出现在主汛期。年1 h雨量极值发生在7月最多,6、8月次之;年3h雨量极值发生在6月最多,7月次之。长沙市1 h、3 h短时强降水年雨量极值整体呈弱增加趋势,其长期趋势变化存在明显年代际变化特征和阶段性特征,无突变现象。     

半干旱半湿润地区洪水预报模型适用性研究

针对半干旱半湿润地区的流域特性和产汇流特点,比较了河北雨洪模型和新安江模型的模型原理和模型特性,以滦河支流老牛河流域为例,开展了洪水预报适用性研究。结果表明,河北雨洪模型的预报精度较高,更适用于半干旱半湿润地区的洪水预报。     

1976年9月23日巴音木仁Ms 6.2级地震序列分析

本文对１９７６年巴音木仁Ｍｓ６２级地震序列进行了分析,剖析其前震序列的测震学指标异常及余震序列特征,判定了序列类型,得出一些有预报意义的结果。     

1997年伽师地震临震预报的经验与启示

１９９７年１￣４月新疆伽师发生罕见的强震群活动。几个月内在十分狭小的区域内发生７次６级强震,是新疆几十年来从未遇到过的。概述了伽师地震３次准确和较为准确的临震预报;总结了地点已知的后续强震临震预报的科学和实践问题;论述了震例总结与现实预报的差异,以及地震孕育的复杂性和地震预报的现实做法。     

“以后”和“后来”

对“以后”和“后来”进行详细深入的对比分析。在语义上,“以后”可以表示时间和范围,“后来”只用来表示过去的时间;在句法功能上,方位词“以后”既可以单用也可以作后置成分,而时间名词“后来”常常单用,单用的“以后”和“后来”在同现副词、连词以及句式选择上都有着不同的特点。最后对留学生学习过程中出现的偏误作了简要分析。